我国土壤环境质量重金属影响研究中一些值得关注的问题

重金属的环境问题受到了各方面的重视，然而，在土壤环境质量重金属影响的研究中仍然存在一些有待商榷的问题，包括确切理解土壤环境质量的概念。这不完全是一个土壤污染的问题，而是包含了背景状况、外来物质的侵袭与累积（沾污）状况、污染状况，因而要明确区分土壤沾污和土壤污染问题。采用合适的评价参比值进行土壤环境质量评价，并讨论了制订标准中需要注意的一些问题；必须因地制宜地制订系列标准或标准系列，以客观反映土壤组成的复杂性和空间变异性。背景值仅可用于化学物质的累积性评估，土壤中重金属的存在是一种正常现象，在评估中应避免以点代面、以偏概全的现象。

Several Critical Issues in the Studies of Soil Environmental Quality Affected by Heavy Metals

The environmental problems of heavy metals in soils have been received wide attention. However, there are still several issues need to be addressed and effectively managed in the studies of the soil environmental quality affected by heavy metals. To fully understand the concept of soil environmental quality, the background condition, the invasion and accumulation of exogenous substance, and the consequence of pollution, in addition to the soil pollution status need to be involved. The distinction between the concepts of soil contamination and soil pollution need to be clarified. There are some problems in establishment and development of soil environmental quality standards need to be aware of: 1.The appropriate evaluation and reference value of soil environmental quality assessment need to be selected; 2.The complexity and spatial variability of soils need to be reflected by adapting to location conditions; 3.The background value can only be used for cumulative assessment of chemicals; 4.The presence of heavy metals in soil is ubiquitous, and the single-faceted evaluation should be avoided.