油水淹地土壤的性质和污染机理研究

为了研究油水淹地土壤的性质和污染机理,对吉林油田的油水淹地土壤及邻近作物生长良好的正常土壤进行了土样采集和对比分析,研究了油水淹地土壤的石油含量、离子组成和微生物群落等性质,最终得出关于污染机理的结论。结果表明,油水淹地土壤的有机质含量、p H值、电导率、钠离子吸附比、总碱度和全盐量均比正常土壤高,污染土壤盐碱性特征显著。与正常土壤相比,污染土壤的石油含量显著升高,超过了清洁土壤的标准;污染土壤盐分组成中Na2CO3和Na HCO3的比例升高,土壤中Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+的含量显著不同;污染土壤的微生物数量也明显减少。

Properties and Contamination Mechanism of Soil Flooded with Oil-containing Wastewater

Oil exploration and production produce large amount of oil-containing wastewater that is usually returned into the underground oil producing zones by water injection. Due to accidents such as water pipeline leakage, however, the soils nearby were flooded by leaked oil-containing wastewater. Such soils seriously affected plant growth. In this study, oil-containing wastewater flooded soils and the adjacent soils with normal crop growth from the Jilin oilfield were used to examine their oil content, ion composition and microbial community. The results show that organic matter content, pH, electric conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio(SAR), total alkalinity(TA), and salt content in oil-containing wastewater flooded soils were higher than those in control soil, contaminated soils showed obvious alkalinization. Compared with the control soil, oil content, the proportions of Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃ in salts, and ratios of Na⁺/K⁺, Na⁺/Ca²⁺ and Na⁺/Mg²⁺ were all higher in the contaminated soil, while the microbial population decreased in the contaminated soils. In conclusion, oil-containing wastewater polluted soils through modifying ion composition and microbial community and alkalinizing soils.