日光温室白萝卜生产系统的氮素利用与平衡研究

在日光温室条件下,研究了不同氮素供应水平对白萝卜(Rajphanus sativus L.)氮素利用和土壤硝态氮累积动态,并对土壤-作物体系的氮素表观平衡进行了评估.结果表明,随氮肥用量的增加,白萝卜产量和干物质累积量均没有显著升高,但根块内富集的硝酸盐含量显著增加.增施氮肥对白萝卜维生素C(Vc),可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量没有显著影响;随施氮量增加白萝卜根块氮素吸收量显著增加,当季氮肥利用率降低;当氮肥用量低于推荐施氮量(有机肥+200 kg urea-N·hm-2)时,整个白萝卜生长期,根层(0～60 cm)土壤硝态氮均处于耗竭状态.当施氮量高于推荐施氮量时,根层硝态氮下降幅度减小,并在播种30d以后呈上升趋势;土壤-作物体系中播前无机氮(Nmin)和氮肥投入是主要输入项,输出项中以土壤无机氮残留和作物吸收为主.随施氮量的增加,氮素表观平衡值和土壤残留Nmin明显增加.系统氮素盈余量随施氮量的增加而增加.结合当地地力条件,在有机肥和磷钾肥配施的基础上,秋冬季白萝卜施氮量应控制在200 kg·hm-2以内.

Nitrogen Utilization and Balance of Raphanus sativus L.Production System in Greenhouse

In intensive agricultural systems,excess application of nitrogen(N)fertilizer has been a common phenomenon.Although N is an essential nutrient to crops,traditional N management is difficult to maximize crop yields while reduce its losses to the environment.One major reason is that the transformation and fate of N fertilizer in agricultural soils as largely affected by crop N uptake is still not very clear under specific production systems.The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different N ...