控释肥对小麦玉米生物学性状和土壤硝酸盐积累的影响

利用田间试验研究了非水溶性材料包膜控释肥对小麦和玉米叶片叶绿素、小麦分蘖和穗数、小麦千粒重、玉米百粒重、产量、养分吸收、肥料利用效率和土壤硝酸盐残留的影响。结果显示,与普通肥料习惯施肥方法相比,控释肥施在种子附近,在氮、磷、钾总用量减少50%情况下,小麦、玉米多项生长指标无明显差别;控释肥明显提高了肥料的偏生产力,氮肥提高75.75%～76.33%,磷肥提高193.50%～201.29%,钾肥提高109.20%～125.96%;1m土层硝酸盐残留,小麦季减少65.94kg·hm-2,玉米季减少103.55kg·hm-2。

Effect of Controlled Release Fertilizers on the Biological Properties of Wheat and Corn and Soil Nitrate Accumulation

Field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of controlled release fertilizers coated by non-water soluble material on the SPAD value,tiller,ear number,1000-grain weight,yield,nutrient uptake,fertilizer utilization efficiency of wheat and corn and soil nitrate. The results suggested that:There was no different between the wheat and corn's biological properties of controlled release fertilizers and that of customary fertilizer application,also the nutrient of controlled release fertilizers was decreased by 50％ than that of customary fertilizer application,at the same time the controlled release fertilizers was near the seed. Comparing to normal fertilizer,ear number of wheat,1000-grain weight of wheat,100-grain weight of corn and yield of wheat and corn increased by 32.89％,6.06％,7.57％,5.45％ and 1.10％ respectively because of using controlled release fertilizers. SPAD value of wheat decreased by 1.37％. The partial factor productivity for applied fertilizer was increased,such as the nitrate fertilizer increased by 75.75％～76.33％,phosphorus fertilizer increased by 193.50％～201.29％,potassium fertilizer increased by 109.20％～ 125.96％. At 0～100 cm soft depth,the soil nitrate decreased 65.94 kg·hm~(-2) at wheat growth stage and it decreased 103.55 kg·hm~(-2) at corn growth stage.