云南个旧市郊农作物重金属污染现状及健康风险

通过现场采样及室内分析,对云南个旧市郊鸡街镇的土壤和农作物莺金属污染现状进行野外调查,并进行健康风险评价.结果表明,土壤Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd含量均超出<土壤环境质量标准>(GB 15618-1995)二级标准,Pb、Cu和Cd的二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)提取态与总量呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),Zn则旱显著正相关(P＜0.05).农作物中除萝卜、甘蓝、花椰菜和甘蔗Pb含量未超出对应的食品安全限量标准外,其余作物均超标,Pb超标率达80%,其中薄荷Pb含量最高,平均值为3.28 mg·kg-1(鲜重),超标9.93倍;朝天椒、土豆、大米和玉米Cd含量均超标,Cd超标率为20%,其中大米Cd含量最高,平均值为0.446 mg·kg-1,超标1.23倍;Cu和Zn在所采的农作物中均未超标.薄荷对Pb和Cu、莴苣对Zn和Cd的富集系数高于其他农作物.豌豆尖、蚕豆、甘蓝、花椰菜、葱、朝天椒、甘蔗、韭菜、厚皮菜、白菜、萝卜、青花菜、土豆和金丝菜对Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd吸收能力较低,适合在污染区继续种植;薄荷、莴苣和青菜对4种重金属吸收能力较高,不适合在污染区继续种植.根据单因子评价方法,农作物受Pb轻度、中度、重度污染分别占50%、10%和20%,受Cd轻度、中度污染各占10%.对于不同种类农作物,不同莺金属的综合污染指数为Pb＞Cd＞Zn＞Cu.居民经食用蔬菜途径日摄入Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd量分别为0.204、2.336、0.376 mg·d-1和0.028 mg·d-1,分别占暂定每日耐受摄入量(PTDI)的101.78%、7.08%、5.79%和39.29%.因此,经蔬菜途径摄入Pb对当地居民健康构成潜住威胁.

Heavy Metal Pollution in Crops Growing in Suburb of Gejiu City,Yunnan Province,China:Present Situation and Health Risk

With the exploration,selection and smelting of mine resources,heavy metal pollution in soil is getting serious and endangers food safety and human health.A filed survey was conducted to investigate the present situation and health risk of heavy metal pollution in soils and crops in Jijie Town,located at the suburb of Gejiu City,Yunnan Province.The results indicated that average concentrations of lead(Pb),zinc(Zn),copper(Cu) and cadmium(Cd) in soil at the studied site exceeded Environment Quality Standard fo...