环境激素２，４－二氯苯酚对家蚕生殖发育的影响

为了探讨环境激素对鳞翅目昆虫的影响,用添加2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)的人工饲料饲养家蚕,调查2,4-DCP对家蚕生殖发育的影响.结果显示,1.60mmol·kg~(-1)以下浓度的2,4-DCP,对幼虫和蛹的卵巢生长有促进作用(P<0.05);1.60mmol·kg~(-1)的2.4-DCP对5龄后期快速生长阶段的卵巢表现出抑制作用,但在蛹期卵巢的生长获得补偿.高浓度的2,4-DCP对幼虫期、蛹期卵细胞的生长和发育有一定的促进作用(P〈0.01).2,4-DCP对家蚕雄性生殖腺的生长、特别是5龄后期精巢的快速生长期表现出一定的抑制作用,在蛹期抑制作用表现十分强烈,1.60mmol·kg~(-1)的2,4-DCP使雄蛾蚕的精巢几乎完全退化.2,4-DCP使5龄幼虫的精细胞数量微弱减少,至蛹期精细胞和蛾期精子的数量则显著少于对照(P<0.01).1.60 mmol·kg~(-1)的2,4-DCP使雌蛾的产卵数下降到对照的20%,但造卵数比对照高1.3倍,0.80 mmol·kg~(-1)以上浓度的2,4-DCP使不受精卵率显著增高(P<0.05).2,4-DCP主要通过强烈抑制家蚕雄性生殖腺和生殖细胞的发育以表现出很强的雌激素效应.

Effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoi on the Genital Development of Silkworm(Bombyx mori)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the estrogen effects of 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP) on lepidopteron insect. The gonad growth and development of silkworm(Bombyx mori) were investigated by feeding with 2,4-DCP-added artificial feedstuffs. Silkworms were placed in culture boxes feeding with 2,4-DCP-added(0,0.2,0.4,0.8,1.6 and 3.2 mmol·kg~(-1)) artificial feedstuffs in a culture container kept at constant temperature and humidity in each instar, in which each treatment involved three boxes and each boxes received 50 silkworms. The gonad index, oocyte, spermatid and sperm numbers in fifth instars, pupas and moths were investigated. The egg production, egg deposition numbers and unfertilized egg rates were calculated. The results showed that, with treatment increasing, at 0.2～0.8 mmol·kg~(-1) 2,4-DCP, the o-vary growth and development of fifth instars and pupas were significantly promoted(P<0.05),11.6 mmol·kg~(-1) 2,4-DCP inhibited the ovary development of fifth instars in 168 h. However, ovary development in pupas were increased obviously. The oocyte development of fifth instars and pupas was elevated at high level. 2,4-DCP decreased the spermary development, especially at late development stages of fifth instars and pupas. The testicles of male moth was retrogressed at 1.6 mmol·kg~(-1) 2,4-DCP.2,4-DCP decreased the spermatid numbers of pupas and sperm numbers of moths significantly(P<0.01). At 1.6 mmol·kg~(-1) 2,4-DCP, the egg deposition decreased to 20 percent of control, however the egg production numbers were 1.3 times as much as control. At 0.8 mmol·kg~(-1) or higher, the unfertilized egg rate increased remarkably (P<0.05). The 2,4-DCP functioned as estrogen effects through inhibiting the growth and development of spermary and germ cells.