华北旱作区夏播单间作种植模式吸氮效果及后茬效应

为筛选能够降低土壤硝态氮残留量并具有显著经济效益的华北旱作区夏播种植模式,在河北省徐水县设置夏播作物的不同单间作模式田间对比试验.结果显示,各处理中,玉米大豆间作的作物总吸氮量最大,使土壤硝态氮残留量明显降低并有较好的经济效益,其土地当量比也大于1,且在提高后茬冬小麦籽粒产量、秸秆产量、作物吸氮量方面效果较好.与玉米单作比较,玉米大豆间作模式0～200 cm土层硝态氮残留量降低56.66 kg· hm-2,作物整体吸氮量提高6.17 kg·hm-2,经济效益增加2 054.62元·hm-2;后茬冬小麦的籽粒产量、秸秆产量、作物吸氮量分别提高了197、673 kg· hm-2和5.91 kg· hm-2.

Nitrogen Uptake and Residual Effect of Different Summer Monocropping and Intercropping Patterns in Dry Farming Area in the North China Plain

In order to screen a summer planting pattern which could not only reduce the soil NO-3-N residue content but also provide obvious economic benefits in North China Plain,a field contrast experiment of different single intercropping was conducted in Xushui County,Hebei Province.The results showed that corn soybean intercropping got the highest nitrogen uptake rate,and could reduce the soil NO-3-N residue content evidently,obtain better economic benefits at the same time.Moreover,this treatment got the land equivalent ratio of more than 1,had a good effect in increasing the aftercrop winter wheat grain yields,straw yields and nitrogen uptake.Compared with the traditional monocropping corn,corn soybean intercropping reduced the soil NO-3-N residue content of 0~200 cm by 56.66 kg·hm-2,raised the total nitrogen uptake rate by 6.17 kg·hm-2,and increased got economic benefits by 2 054.62 Yuan·hm-2.Additionglly,the aftercrop wheat grain yields,straw yields and nitrogen uptake rate under this treatment were enhanced by 197 kg·hm-2,673 kg·hm-2,5.91 kg·hm-2,respectively.