过量硼对植物的毒害及高硼土壤植物修复研究进展

硼作为一种植物必需元素,在土壤中过量存在会对植物产生毒害,硼对植物的毒害作用以及利用植物修复高硼土壤已经日益受到关注。目前,硼对不同类型植物的毒害特点,植物的耐受机制还不十分清楚。特别是对于硼污染的植物修复,其研究还处于起步阶段。本文分别从植物的表观症状、生理生化和基因水平等层次,综述了过量硼对植物的毒害,并从高耐受性、超富集能力植物筛选,以及转基因技术应用等角度回顾了硼污染的植物修复研究进展。在此基础上,提出了当前相关研究存在的主要问题,并对未来的研究进行了展望。

Boron Toxicity in Plants and Phytoremediation of Boron-laden Soils

Boron is an essential element for plants, however, excessive boron in soil may exert toxic effects to plants. Recently, boron toxicity in plants as well as the phytoremediation of boron-laden soils has attracted much attention by both scientific and regulatory communities. But, boron toxicity in different plant species and the mechanisms of plant tolerance to boron are still unclear, and little information is available on phytoremediation of boron-laden soils. In this paper, boron toxicity in plants was reviewed from the perspectives of visible symptoms, physiological characteristics, and genetic variations. Besides, the application of phytoremediation to boron-contaminated soils was also illustrated, including the selection of high tolerance and/or hyperaccumulating plants, as well as the application of transgenic technologies. Finally, the main problems of current studies and the suggestions for future work were proposed.