基于PSR模型的滇池流域农村生活污水空间分布特征和控制研究

农村生活污水已成为滇池水污染的主要原因之一,准确掌握农村生活污水污染空间分布特征是污染治理的基本条件。基于农村面源污染普查数据,分析滇池流域农村生活污水污染物排放量,通过基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型的系统分析,提出滇池流域农村生活污水的系统控制方案。结果表明,生活污水污染物排放量大小为西山区>官渡区>晋宁县>呈贡县>盘龙区>五华区>嵩明县,湖滨平原区>山地丘陵区;采用ArcGIS9.2软件,分析污染物空间分布特征和城市污水处理厂、集镇污水处理站纳污处理范围的空间关系,提出分散式农村生活污水处理设施空间布局与建设方案。

Spatial Distribution of Rural Domestic Sewage and Its Control in the Dianchi Lake Basin by PSR Model,China

Village domestic sewage discharge has become one of the major causes of the Dianchi Lake water pollution.Understanding distribution of village sewage pollution is the basic condition for pollution control.Based on the survey data of rural non-point source pollution,we analyzed the pollutant emission amount of village sewage and its spatial pattern in the Dianchi Lake Basin.Applied the Pressure-State-Response(PSR)Model,we identified the key control areas of rural sewage treatment in the Dianchi Lake Basin.Firstly,we took the amounts of the village wastewater discharge and its spatial distribution characteristics as the"state"indicators,as well as the status of sewage treatments and proposed the measurements.The results showed that the village wastewater discharge amounts were as follows:Xishan District>Guandu District>Jinning County>Chenggong County>Panlong District>Wuhua District>Songming County,and lakesides areas>mountainous areas.Depended on the population and the discharge coefficient,the village wastewater discharge amount of the Dianchi Lake Basin was 1.02×106 t.a-1,the COD Cr in the wastewater was 2.18×104 t.a-1,the TN was 761.94 t.a-1,and the TP was 98.38 t.a-1.The weakness and shortage in rural wastewater control was revealed by Gap analysis.It was that the"response"by overlapping between rural wastewater discharge range and the scope of existing urban or township wastewater treatment plants to provide a spatial scheme for developing village-based scattered rural sewage treatment systems.At present,the capacity of urban wastewater treatment plants covered 20 499.7 t.d-1(73.26%)of rural domestic sewage discharge,and township wastewater treatment stations covered 934.8 t.d-1(3.34%).So,village-based scattered rural sewage treatment systems should be built to treat the rest 6 549.2 t.d-1,accounted for 23.40% of the village sewage discharge in the Dianchi Lake Basin.Facilities of village-based scattered rural sewage treatment systems were suggested to be established in 157 villages in the coming years in an optimized sequence by priority analysis.