辽宁省育肥猪生产环境影响的生命周期评价

采用生命周期评价方法,以1000头出栏育肥猪的规模化养殖场为功能单位,对辽宁地区育肥猪生产进行污染物排放清单分析,评价其环境影响。结果表明,1000头育肥猪生产的生命周期环境影响综合指数为56.59,环境影响大小依次为富营养化、酸化、全球变暖,环境影响指数依次为36.31、13.84和6.44;富营养化影响主要来源于猪粪尿中氮、磷的排放,酸化影响主要来源于猪粪尿中NH3的排放,全球变暖影响主要来源于种植饲料作物使用的化肥生产过程中NOx的排放。因此,加强养猪粪污无害化处理,促进养殖业废物资源化,增加育肥猪饲料中青饲料比例,提高饲料作物生产过程中化肥利用率是降低辽宁地区育肥猪生产环境负荷的主要措施。

Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Impacts from Finishing Pig Production in Liaoning Province, China

Life cycle assessment was used to analyze the inventory of pollutants’ emission from 1 000 finishing pigs in large scale pig farms to assess the environmental impacts of finishing pig production in Liaoning Province.The results showed that the impact index of life cycle environment of 1 000 finishing pigs was 56.59.The sequence of environmental impacts from finishing pig production was eutrophication,acidification and global warming,and their potential value of the environmental impacts was 36.31,13.84 and 6.44 respectively.The eutrophication effect was primarily caused by the nitrogen and phosphorus in pig’s manure and urine.The acidification effect was mainly resulted from NH3 emission from pig’s manure and urine.The global warming effect was mainly due to the emission of NOx in the production of chemical fertilizers used for pig’s feeding crops.Our results suggested that the major measures to decrease the environmental loads from the finishing pig production in Liaoning Province was to enhance the harmless treatment of pig’s manure,the recycle of waste from pig’s farms,increase the ratio of green fodder for finishing pig’s feed and increase the utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizers for growing feeding crops.