中国花生中镉含量调查与膳食风险评估

为考察中国花生中镉元素含量水平及地区、品系间的差异,对其膳食暴露风险进行评估,2009、2010年在安徽等13个花生主产省对多个品系抽样检测了2578份花生样品,结合中国居民4个消费人群及其亚群的花生消费量与体重信息,采用非参数概率方法对花生镉的膳食暴露量进行了估计。镉含量采用原子吸收分光光度计TAS-986(G)测定,最低检测限(LOD)为0.0001mg·kg-1,定量限(LOQ)为0.0003mg·kg-1。检测结果表明,花生镉元素的平均含量为0.1634mg·kg-1,仅有2.4%的样品镉含量超出最高限量(ML,0.5mg·kg-1);各省花生中镉含量的差异不明显,不同年份、品系间及品系内的镉含量存在一定差异。将膳食暴露评估结果比照JECFA推荐的暂定每月耐受摄入量(PTMI)25μg·(kg·bw)-1,花生镉的膳食暴露风险总体轻微。一般消费水平下,人群的暴露量远低于PTMI值;高消费水平下,人群中有5%的个体暴露量接近或超过PTMI值,有一定潜在风险。

Survey and Dietary Risk Assessment of Cadmium in Peanut Produced in China

This study aims to investigate the variation of cadmium levels in peanut in China classified according to different region and plant strains, and determine its dietary exposure to the target population. Altogether 2 578 peanut samples were collected from Anhui and other provinces in 2009—2010. Cadmium was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer TAS-986(G). A non-parameter probabilistic model was used to assess the potential risk of cadmium from dietary exposure based on the information of peanut consumption and body weight oin four consumer groups and their subgroups. The limit of detection(LOD) for cadmium determination was 0.000 1 mg·kg-1, and its limit of quantification(LOQ) was 0.000 3 mg·kg-1. The analytical results showed that the average cadmium level of peanut was 0.163 4 mg·kg-1, with only 2.4% of the samples having concentration above 0.5 mg·kg-1, the maximum limit(ML). The cadmium levels in peanut didn′t show regional difference, however, it exhibited differences among years, in different strains and within the same strains. The provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI) of cadmium, as recommended by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA) is 25 μg·(kg·bw)-1. The estimated exposure values for populations of interest were compared to the PTMI. This study claimed that in general, the probability of health risk of cadmium via peanuts exposure to Chinese population was low. In the normal consumption level, the exposure values of 4 consumer groups were far below the PTMI. In the high consumption level, five percent of individuals had the exposure values close to or over PTMI, which have potential risk.