磷酸铵镁堆肥产品养分释放特性及其肥效研究

为了研究磷酸铵镁堆肥产品的氮磷养分释放特性及其肥效,分别采用土柱淋溶方法及盆栽试验研究了磷酸铵镁堆肥(MAPC)产品的氮磷养分释放特性及对油菜的肥效,并与普通化肥(CCH)、普通堆肥(CCO)、磷酸铵镁肥(MAP)3种肥料进行对比。结果表明:在整个淋溶过程中,CCH和MAPC处理淋溶液的总氮及总磷浓度均较其他处理高;MAP肥具有缓释性,且堆肥对其养分释放具有促进作用;CCO处理的养分释放最慢。在最后一次淋洗(即第5次)后,总氮及总磷养分浓度排序均为:CCHMAPCMAPCCO。盆栽试验18 d后油菜快速生长,且与对照(不施肥)处理相比,MAP和MAPC处理能显著提高油菜的株高及生物量。在45 d盆栽试验结束时,CCH、CCO、MAP和MAPC处理的生物量分别是对照处理的14.8、4.8、20.5倍和16.0倍。MAP处理能显著提高油菜的养分含量,TN和TP含量分别比对照提高了2.24 g·kg~(-1)和1.54 g·kg~(-1)。研究表明,4种肥料均可改善油菜的生长发育情况,且MAP和MAPC的肥效优于CCH和CCO,在堆肥中利用鸟粪石结晶原理可固定部分氮磷元素,提高堆肥产品肥效。

Study on the nutrient release characteristics and fertilizer efficiency of magnesium ammonium phosphate compost products

Release characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and fertilizer efficiency of magnesium ammonium phosphate compost products(MAPC)were studied. For the purpose, soil column leaching experiment was employed, and a pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of the fertilizer efficiency on canola. Three fertilizers were used in the experiment:common chemical fertilizer(CCH), common compost(CCO), and magnesium ammonium phosphate(MAP), and the obtained results were compared. The results showed that during the entire leaching process, the concentrations of both total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)in the leachate treated with CCH and MAPC were higher than those in the other treatments. As a slow-release fertilizer, compost could improve the nutrient release of MAP and the nutrient release rate under CCO treatment was the lowest. Moreover, after the last leaching(i.e. the fifth), the TN and TP concentrations in the fertilizers were in the following order:CCH > MAPC > MAP > CCO. After 18 days of the pot experiment, it could be observed that canola grew rapidly. Compared with the control treatment, the MAP and MAPC fertilizers significantly improved the plant height and biomass of canola. At the end of the pot experiment(45 days), the biomass of canola under CCH, CCO, MAP, and MAPC treatments was 14.8, 4.8, 20.5, and 16.0 times higher than that under the control treatment, respectively. Furthermore, compared with the control treatment, the MAP fertilizer had a significant effect on improving the nutrient content of canola, and the TN and TP contents were increased by 2.24 g·kg^-1 and 1.54 g·kg^-1, respectively. In conclusion, four kinds of fertilizers selected for this study were beneficial in promoting the growth and development of canola. The fertilizer efficiency of the MAP and MAPC fertilizers was better than that of the CCH and CCO. Nitrogen and phosphorus could be conserved partially via struvite crystallization during composting and the fertilizer efficiency of compost product was improved.