氮肥对茶园土壤氟赋存形态及转化的影响

为研究不同水平氮肥对茶园土壤氟赋存形态及转化的影响,以皖南十字铺茶场红黄壤茶园0~15 cm土壤为对象,设置N0P0K0(CK)、N0P1K1(N0)、N1P1K1(N1)、N2P1K1(N2)、N3P1K1(N3) 5个处理,进行了室内盆钵培养试验,通过分析施肥10、20、30、50、70、90 d后土壤水溶态氟、交换态氟、铁锰结合态氟、有机结合态氟含量、铵态氮含量、土壤pH值,研究施肥对茶园土壤氟赋存形态及转化的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,氮肥与磷钾混施(N1、N2、N3)在短期内(10 d或20 d)使土壤水溶态氟含量降低,交换态氟、铁锰结合态氟、有机结合态氟含量增加,20 d之后土壤水溶态氟增加,交换态氟、铁锰结合态氟、有机结合态氟含量降低,对水溶态氟、交换态氟的影响效果随时间增加而增加,一般施氮量越大影响效果越明显;土壤水溶态氟含量与氮肥施用量成中度正相关,交换态氟与氮肥施用量成中、高度负相关;土壤水溶态氟含量与pH值成极显著高度负相关,交换态氟含量与pH值成极显著高、中度正相关。因此,氮肥在土壤中的转化过程改变了土壤环境pH值,从而影响土壤氟的形态转化和有效性。

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Combined Forms and Transformation of Fluorine in Tea Garden Soil

In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on combined forms and transformation of fluorine in tea garden soil, soil pot experiment was carried out. The research object was red-yellow soil in Shizipu tea plantation in the south of Anhui Province. Five treatments were N0P0K0 (CK), N0P1K1 (N0), N1P1K1 (N1), N2P1K1 (N2), N3P1K1 (N3). Water-soluble fluorine content, exchangeable fluorine content, Fe/Mn oxide-bound fluorine content, organic matter-bound fluorine content, ammonium nitrogen content and soil pH value in 0~15 cm soil layer were analyzed in 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90 days after fertilization. The results showed that compared with CK, in the short term (10 or 20 days) after applying NPK, the content of water-soluble fluorine in 0~15 cm soil layer was decreased and the content of exchangeable fluorine, Fe/Mn oxide-bound fluorine and organic matter-bound fluorine were increased. After 20 days, the content of soil water-soluble fluorine was increased and the content of soil exchangeable fluorine, Fe/Mn oxide-bound fluorine and organic matter-bound fluorine were reduced. The effect on water-soluble fluorine and exchangeable fluorine increased with time and the application rate of nitrogen. The content of water-soluble fluorine in tea garden soil had a moderately positive correlation with the application rate of nitrogen while the content of exchangeable fluorine had a moderately or highly negative correlation with the application rate of nitrogen. The content of water-soluble fluorine had a quite highly negative correlation with the soil pH (P<0.01), but the content of exchangeable fluorine had a moderately or highly negative correlation with the soil pH (P<0.01). Therefore, nitrogen fertilizer changed the soil pH during its form transformation and thus affected the transformation and the availability of fluorine in soil.