青藏高原高寒牧区家畜粪便堆肥化处理技术研究

堆肥化处理是有效利用青藏高原高寒牧区牲畜粪便、减轻环境影响的可行途径。本文针对高寒牧区低温和劳动力资源缺乏的问题,研究了一种静态通气方式和保温措施对堆腐效果的影响。静态通气通过埋植于堆体中的通气管实现,而保温通过堆体外的双层塑料膜的温室效应实现。实验结果表明,埋入通气管与翻堆相比可以显著提高堆体内部和堆体外层的温度,有效加快腐熟速度,减少堆腐过程中养分的损失,降低劳动力投入,可以作为高寒牧区替代翻堆的更好通气手段。双层保温膜与单层膜相比能够有效辅助通气管维持堆体高温。堆肥原料中添加磷肥虽然可提高堆腐温度,但同时也增加了堆腐过程中有机质和氮素的损失,需要根据当地实际情况选用。

A New Technique for Composting Livestock Manure on the Cold Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Livestock manure compositing on the cold Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a feasible way to utilize manure while alleviating negative en-vironmental effects. In order to overcome unfavorable factors of cold temperature and shortage of manpower for composting operation, we de-veloped a new technique for composting livestock manure on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau:static ventilation-double-layer film insulation and studied the effect of it. The static ventilation had been achieved by ventilation pipes implanted in compost stacks while double-layer film mulching had prevented heat loss from composting process. Composting trials showed that compared with pile turning over, the static ventila-tion pipes significantly shortened the time for temperature rise and reduced the temperature difference between interior and outer layers of compost stacks, and thus speeded up the composting process meanwhile reducing losses of nutrients during composting. The double-layer film mulching further helped maintain the temperature of compost stacks. By this new technique, the operation of overturning compost stacks was not a necessity for composting livestock manure. Adding phosphorus fertilizers to manure for composting also helped to increase tempera-ture but this had a possibility to increase losses of nitrogen and organic matters from composts.