不同硒源对小麦生长、硒吸收利用以及玉米后效的影响

湖北恩施蕴藏有丰富硒矿资源。为了明确植物对硒矿及土壤中几种常见硒形态的吸收利用差异,通过土培试验,研究了不同硒源(亚硒酸盐、硒酸盐、硒矿及硒粉)对小麦生长及硒吸收分配的影响,并分析了其对小麦后茬作物玉米的后效。结果表明,施用硒酸盐、亚硒酸盐及硒粉对小麦各部位生物量无显著影响,施用硒矿显著增加了小麦生物量,其增幅可达11.56%。小麦对不同硒源的吸收能力为硒酸盐亚硒酸盐硒矿硒粉,不同硒源处理下硒向小麦地上部的转移能力为硒酸盐硒矿硒粉亚硒酸盐。施用硒矿、亚硒酸盐、硒酸盐以及硒粉后小麦籽粒中硒含量的比例为1∶2.95∶19.19∶0.15,其后效在玉米地上部硒含量的比例为1∶1.96∶6.44∶0.07,由此表明硒矿在玉米后效上与亚硒酸盐和硒酸盐处理的差距显著缩小,硒粉则难以被作物吸收利用。总的来看,硒矿对作物生长的改善能力最强,而且具有相对持久的后效。

Effects of different selenium sources on wheat growth, selenium uptake and utilization and the aftereffects on maize

Human dietary Se intake is largely governed by Se concentrations in plants. In order to clarify the difference of plants uptake and utilization on selenium ore and the other common forms of Se in the soil, we studied the growth, Se uptake and utilization of wheat and analyzed its aftereffect on maize between different sources of Se(selenite; selenate; selenium ore; selenium powder) based on pot experiment. The results showed that the application of selenate, selenite and selenium powder had no obvious effect on biomass of wheat, but selenium ore significantly increased biomass of wheat by 11.56%. The uptake capacity of different selenium sources by wheat followed the sequence of selenate > selenite > selenium ore > selenium powder. The ability of transport Se in wheat from roots to shoots showed a tendency of selenate > selenium ore > selenium powder > selenite. The content of Se in wheat grain had the ratio of 1:2.95:19.19:0.15 when selenate, selenite, selenium ore, selenium powder were applied, respectively the aftereffects of selenium content in shoots of maize had ratio of 1:1.96:6.44:0.07, which suggested that the aftereffect of different selenium sources on maize followed the sequence of selenate > selenite > selenium ore > selenium powder, and the aftereffect of selenium on maize between the selenium ore and selenite, selenate narrowed significantly. Selenium powder was difficult to be absorbed by wheat and maize. In conclusion, selenium ore has the strongest ability to improve crop growth and has a relatively long aftereffect.