微生物降解抗生素的研究进展

近几十年来航生素的大量使用所引起的公共健康、资源利用和环境污染等问题倍受社会关注。由于微生物对抗生素削减的高效、低耗、环保和操作简单等优点,微生物降解法已成为处理抗生素污染的有效途径。在综述近几十年来利用微生物方法处理抗生素污染的技术、抗生素降解功能微生物的筛选、降解条件优化、降解效果及其降解机制等方面研究进展的基础上,指出了今后的研究方向。

Research progress in microbial degradation of antibiotics

Antibiotics, a group of chemicals, are widely used in treating human diseases and animal diseases and promoting animal growth. It was estimated that approximately 2300 tons of antibiotics were consumed in veterinary medicine in European countries and about 52% of all antibiotics(approximately 162000 tons) were used for veterinary medicine in China in 2013. However, antibiotics could not be completely absorbed by the animal body, and most is excreted along with urine or feces, either unaltered or as metabolites. Antibiotics entered the environmental compartments at high rates, which resulted in concerns over public health, resource utilization and environmental pollution. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to their effective elimination in the environment. The degradation of antibiotics by special microorganisms has been considered to be an efficient method for getting rid of antibiotics from the environment because of its low cost, simple management, and high degradation rates compared to other methods such as advanced oxidation processes, active carbon adsorption, low-temperature plasma technology, and membrane processing. In the present paper, the progress in antibiotic degradation by microorganisms and its mechanisms were reviewed in aspects of screening of specific functional microorganisms responsible for antibiotic degradation, optimization of microbial degradation conditions, degradation efficiencies and mechanisms including molecular biological mechanisms and degradation pathways. In addition, future research directions on microbial degradation of antibiotics were also proposed.