乡村环境保护和管理的景观途径

恢复和提高生态服务功能已经成为区域可持续发展的重要途径.论文介绍了景观方法,探讨了乡村环境保护和管理景观方法途径,包括绿色基础设施建设、生态服务功能提升、农业生态系统生物关系重建、乡村景观特征提升、小流域面源污染控制景观综合管理以及构建以农户为主体的生态景观管护制度.结合海淀区土地整治绿色基础设施规划、北京市都市型现代农业万亩示范区生态景观建设规划设计案例,分析了乡村环境保护和管理需要从田块尺度提升到景观尺度的必要性,需要从区域生态景观战略规划、景观尺度上空间格局规划、生态景观化工程技术应用3个层次上,提高生态景观服务功能,保护和修复乡村生态环境.在项目实施过程中,要加强不同的土地经营者、管理者以及利益相关者合作,推进综合景观管理.

Landscape Approaches for Rural Environment Protection and Management

Ecological services, such as soil and water conservation, pollination, biodiversity, pest control and water flow regulation are related to the context of landscape mosaic, which are important aspect for sustainable agricultural development. The protection and management of agricultural and rural environment must be done from fields to landscape scale. In this paper, we discussed about the landscape approaches for the development of green infrastructure, enhancement of landscape character and ecological service, biodiversity conservation, and environmental stewardship. The rural environmental protection and restoration for increasing ecological services should be managed at three levels including regional landscape ecological planning, restoration of ecological services at landscape scale and ecoscaping engineering application, which were demonstrated by case studies. During implementation of project, the long-term collaboration among different groups of land managers and stakeholders should be strengthened to achieve their multiple objectives and expectations within the landscape.