乡村地域系统环境污染演化过程及驱动机制研究

乡村地域系统转型发展过程中面临严峻的资源供给紧张、生产环境恶化、生态环境污染与功能退化等问题。乡村污染治理是实现国家乡村振兴战略与乡村系统可持续发展的重要保障。基于乡村污染物类型梳理与污染演变过程刻画，探讨了乡村地域系统环境污染的驱动机制。结果表明：从污染属性来看，乡村地域系统的污染物主要包括水体、土壤和大气污染物；在时间上，污染物从单项无机物逐渐演变为无机有机复合物，致使乡村地域系统环境污染从单一污染逐渐演变为复合污染和立体污染；在空间上，从城市近郊村、远郊村到一般农区的污染源与污染程度呈现递减趋势；乡村内部资源利用、生活和生产活动、污染治理体系，外部工业化、城镇化、全球变化、信息化等共同驱动乡村地域系统污染。未来应选择典型样带-样区-样点，研究不同乡村地域系统污染现状格局、驱动机制及其资源环境效应模拟评价，推动乡村污染治理与政策创新。

Evolution process of environmental pollution and its driving mechanisms in rural areal systems

Rural areal systems face serve resource and environmental problems, such as shortages, environmental deterioration, ecological environmental pollution, and function degradation during the transformation development process. Rural pollution control is a crucial component of national rural revitalization strategy implementation and rural system sustainable development. The driving mechanisms of rural areal system pollution are discussed herein based on the summary of rural pollutant types and depiction of pollution evolution processes. Our results showed that water, soil, and air pollutants are the main pollutant types in rural areal systems. Rural pollutants gradually transform from single inorganic matter into organic-inorganic compounds. The evolution process of rural areal system pollution experiences stages of single, combined, and stereoscopic pollution. In spatial terms, the gradual decline of pollution sources and levels comes from suburbs and outer suburbs to general rural areas. Rural areal system pollution is driven by internal resources utilization, living and production activities, pollution governance system and external urbanization, industrialization, as well as global change and informatization. In the future, typical rural belt-region-sites should be chosen to study the pollution status, driving mechanisms, and relevant simulated evaluation of resource and environment effects to promote rural pollution control and policy innovation.