近三十年非点源污染研究发展趋势分析

分析近三十年非点源污染研究发展趋势特征,旨在为下一阶段非点源污染研究提供技术参考。从Web of Science核心合集得到1990—2016年所有非点源污染研究文献,然后进行聚焦分析,确定主要文献来源,对比中外学者H指数。通过CiteSpace的关键词共现网络分析和文献共被引网络分析功能,识别了1990—2016年间三个主要阶段的核心关键词(作者关键词与扩展关键词)的变化,梳理了主要的共被引参考文献,得到非点源污染研究领域发展趋势和知识基础特征。国外和国内非点源污染的最早文献分别在1975年和1992年,1990年后全球范围内非点源相关研究快速发展,中国学者的研究在2005年后发展迅速。中外学者的H指数差距有减小趋势,中国学者在全球非点源污染研究领域的相对影响力不断提升。关键词分布中"流域"与"管理"逐渐凸显,"SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)"、"中国"、"气候变化"词频进入前30位。研究内容方面,非点源污染研究从点位尺度的观测过渡到流域尺度水质变化、氮磷污染输出规律、模型应用,基于GIS(Geographic information system)空间分析的水文模型在流域尺度的模拟、优化和运用,是非点源污染控制与评估的基础。随着研究的深入,流域尺度的精细管理、非点源污染模型开发与耦合、气候变化效应近期受到更多关注。对1990—2016年间高被引文献特征进行梳理分析可知,高被引文献涉及主题广泛,其中中国学者也有明显贡献,表明中国学者逐步成为非点源污染研究的主力。

An analysis of research trends about non-point source pollution over the last three decades

The goal of this research is a brief analysis of the characteristics of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in the field over the last three decades. We retrieved all the relevant literature from "Web of Science core collection" and chose literature during 1990-2016 during further investigations. Based on Web of Science, we found the main sources of literature and compared the H-index of Chinese scholars and their international peers. Utilizing the "keyword co-occurring analysis" and "co-cited references analysis" functions incorporated in CiteSpace, we analyzed the changes in the most-used keywords (including author keywords and keywords plus) and investigated the most influential references to obtain a better understanding of research trends and the intellectual base in this field. The first recorded research paper about NPS pollution began in 1992 and 1975 in China and abroad, respectively. The Chinese researchers and studies in the Chinese mainland played an increasingly important role in this field. In terms of keywords,"watershed" and "management", "SWAT", "China", and "climate change" appeared in the top 30 keywords in recent years. In terms of the research content, NPS pollution studies ranged from the point scale observation to water quality change, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution output law, and model application at the watershed scale. The simulation, optimization, and application of the hydrological model based on GIS (geographic information system) spatial analysis were the basis of NPS control and evaluation. With the development of research, the management of watersheds, the development and coupling NPS pollution models, and the effect of climate change had received more attention recently.