牛粪稻秸新型静态堆肥中真菌群落组成的动态特征

为克服传统静态堆肥的缺点,本研究设计了一种新型堆肥装置并进行了牛粪和秸秆静态堆肥试验。利用高通量测序技术研究堆肥中真菌群落组成的动态变化,并探讨真菌群落组成与理化指标以及种子发芽指数(GI)之间的相关关系。通过对堆肥过程中温度、p H、碳氮比(C/N)和种子发芽指数等指标进行分析判断,堆肥进行第17 d后达到腐熟。高通量测序结果显示,真菌群落结构在堆肥的不同时期发生了显著变化,堆肥初始期和升温期节担菌属(Wallemia)和毛孢子属(Trichosporon)占优势,高温期时嗜热链球菌属(Mycothermus)成为优势类群,鬼伞属(Coprinus)和未分类的子囊菌门(Unclassified Ascomycota)在腐熟期时相对丰度较大。Spearman相关性分析表明,节担菌属(Wallemia)、散孢霉属(Scedosporium)和毛孢子属(Trichosporon)与含水率、全碳、碳氮比和铵态氮之间呈显著正相关,与全氮、硝态氮和种子发芽指数呈显著负相关;相反,鬼伞属(Coprinus)和毁丝霉属(Myceliophthora)与全氮、硝态氮和种子发芽指数呈显著正相关,与含水率、全碳、碳氮比和铵态氮呈显著负相关;嗜热链球菌属(Mycothermus)和拟鬼伞属(Coprinopsis)与温度呈极显著正相关。本研究对堆肥微生物群落的深化理解及完善堆肥工艺具有一定的理论和实践意义。

Dynamic characteristics of the composition of the fungal community in a novel static composting system of dairy manure and rice straw

In this study, a novel static composting system was designed to deal with the disadvantages of traditional composting, in which dairy manure and rice straw were mixed to prepare the compost. A high-throughput sequencing technique was used to investigate the dynamic changes in the composition of the fungal community during composting. In addition, correlations between the composition of the fungal community and the physicochemical and germination index (GI) indices were explored. Analyses of temperature, pH, C:N ratio and GI during composting indicated that the compost reached maturity after 17 days of composting. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the fungal community structure and composition varied significantly at the different stages of the composting process. Wallemia and Trichosporon were dominant in the initial and mesophilic samples, and the genus Mycothermus was predominant in the thermophilic stage. Coprinus and Unclassified Ascomycota were most abundant in the maturation stage. Analysis of Spearman correlation coefficients showed that the relative abundances of Wallemia, Scedosporium, and Trichosporon were positively correlated with the moisture content, TOC, C:N ratio, and NH₄⁺-N (P<0.05), but negatively correlated with TN, NO₃^--N, and GI (P<0.05). On the contrary, the relative abundances of Coprinus and Myceliophthora were positively correlated with TN, NO₃^--N, and GI (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with the moisture content, TOC, C:N ratio, and NH₄⁺-N (P<0.05). The populations of Mycothermus and Coprinopsis were positively correlated with the temperature (P<0.001). This study may contribute to a better understanding of the microbial community in composting and lead to the improvement of composting technology.