某炼钢厂周边农田土壤重金属污染状况的调查与评价

调查了闽西某炼钢厂周边农田土壤的重金属污染状况,以《土壤环境质量标准》（GB 15618—1995）中的二级标准作为评价标准,对土壤重金属Cr、Pb、Cd、Ni、Cu、Zn、As进行了污染指数评价、主成分分析和因子分析,以明确土壤中的主要污染重金属种类及其污染程度、重金属的主要来源和污染分布。单因子评价结果表明调查区土壤Cd和Zn的污染普遍且较严重,点位超标率分别为100%和95.5%;Pb、Cu和As污染程度较轻,点位超标率分别为29.6%、15.9%和6.8%;土壤未遭受Cr与Ni的污染。主成分分析和因子分析法分析结果表明,Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、As之间相关性显著,具有同源性,主要受炼钢厂排放的污染物影响;而Cr和Ni之间相关性显著,亦具有同源性,主要受土壤本底含量的影响。土壤重金属的综合污染程度随距炼钢厂距离的增加而逐渐递减,炼钢厂污水进入农田的主要进水口附近的农田土壤污染较严重。

Investigation and Evaluation of Heavy Metals Pollution of Agricultural Soils Near a Steel Plant

The pollution of heavy metals in farmland around a steel plant in the west of Fujian Province was investigated. The pollution index method, principal component analysis and factor analysis on the pollution of Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and As in the soils were carried out to clarify the pollution status, the main source, the degree, and the distribution of the heavy metals pollution in the soil. The secondary standards for acidic agricultural soils of "soil environmental quality standard"(GB 15618-1995)were used as the evaluation criterion. The single factor evaluation results showed that the pollution of soil by Cd and Zn in the investigated area was widespread and serious and the points over standard rate was 100% and 95.5% respectively, while the pollution by Pb, Cu and As was slight and the points over standard rate was 29.6%,15.9% and 6.8% respectively. The soils were not polluted by Cr and Ni. The principal component analysis and factor analysis showed that the correlation between Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and As was significant and homologous. Therefore, the pollution of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and As of the soils should be mainly attributed to the pollutants emitted from the steel plant. The correlation between Cr and Ni was also significant and homologous. It was deduced that Cr and Ni in the soils were largely originated from the soils themselves. The comprehensive pollution degree of the heavy metals in the soils decreased as the distance between the steel plant and farmland increasing. The soils of the fields near the entrance of irrigation water from the waste water of the steel plant were more seriously polluted.