生草栽培方式对坡地果园氮磷流失的控制效果

采用径流小区法，研究自然生草和低、中、高不同施肥水平下人工生草的栽培方式对果园土壤流失量、径流量及氮磷面源污染的控制效果．结果表明：（1）自然生草和人工生草处理均可极显著降低果园径流总氮、可溶性总氮、氨态氮和硝态氮的含量及流失量，且自然生草与人工生草处理问的差异显著，而不同施肥水平下人工生草处理间的差异不显著；（2）自然生草和人工生草处理均可极显著降低果园径流总磷和可溶性磷的含量，不同施肥水平下人工生草处理均可极显著降低径流总磷和可溶性磷的流失量，且低、中、高肥处理间的差异不显著；（3）人工生草和自然生草处理的土壤流失量分别只有清耕处理（对照）的2．44％-2．96％和13．26％，均可极显著降低土壤流失量，人工生草处理的保土效果不同施肥水平间的差异不显著；（4）人工生草处理对于减少坡地果园的水土和养分流失有着显著或极显著的效果，人工生草和自然生草处理的全年径流量，土壤流失量，总氮、总磷含量分别为538．91m3·hm-1·a-1、22．7t·km-2·a-1、1．36kg·hm-2·a-1和0．18kg·hm-2·a-1。

Influence of sod culture with the whole orchard on controlling the nitrogen and phosphorus erosion

Runoff plot was utilized to observe soil loss amount and runoff in the natural grass orchard and artificial grass orchard withdifferent fertilizers application, as wen as the control situations of non-point source pollution. The results showed that （ 1 ） Naturalgrass and artificial, grass with the whole garden signicantIy decreased the concentration and loss amount of total nitrogen, total solu-ble nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. Different treatments had significant differences, but them were insignificantdifferences for different fertilizers in the artificial grass with the whole garden. （2） Natural grass and artificial grass with the wholegarden significantly clecreased the conccntratlon of total phosphorus and total soluble phosphorus. All the sod culture significantly de-creased the loss amount of total phosphorus and total soluble phosphorus, and there were insignificant differences between the treat-mcnts. （3） The amount of soil loss under the treatments of artificial grass with the whole garden and natural grass is 2.44% -2.96% and 13.26% of that under clean culture plots. The two treatments significantly decreased the amount of soil loss. Artificialgrass with the whole garden under different fertilizers treatments had no significant difference between the different treatments, butthere was similar function in the protection of soil loss. （4） Using the methods of artificial grass had significant reduction of runoffwith 538.91 m3·hm-1·a-1, soil loss with 22.7 t ·km-2·a-1 and nutrient loss with total nitrogen of 1.36 kg·hm-2·a-1 andtotal phosphorus of 0.18 kg·hm-2·a-1in the slope orchard.