广东省果蔗施肥状况典型调查与分析

采用农户抽样调查的方法研究了广东省果蔗施肥状况,分析了果蔗在施肥中存在的问题。结果表明,在肥料品种上,施用化肥的农户比例为100%,其中复合肥的施用比例为100%,单质N、P2O5、K2O肥的比例为9.1%,有机肥施用比例为95.5%。全省果蔗N、P2O5、K2O肥总施肥量分别为64.87、58.93、58.61kg/667m2,N∶P2O5∶K2O之比为1∶0.91∶0.90,其中由化肥提供的N、P2O5、K2O分别为60.26、57.13、56.64kg/667m2,占总施肥量的比例分别为92.88%、96.94%、96.64%。广东省果蔗种植中超过90%的农户的施肥方法主要是:先施基肥,小培土2次,再大培土1次,大培土后至收获前20～30d追施1次;全省果蔗各时期施肥量中大培土后期施肥最多,平均78.4%,苗期次之,平均19.5%,基肥最少,平均2.1%。施肥中存在的主要问题是:肥料施用不平衡;有机肥未得到充分利用,施用量偏低。

Typical Investigation and Analysis on Fertilization Status for Chewing - cane Production in Guang- dong Province

The fertilization of Chewing -cane fields in Guangdong Province was studied by the method of farmer investigation and the main problems in fertilization were discussed. The results showed that 100% of farmers applied chemical fertilizer, 100% of farmers applied compound fertilizer,less than 10% of farmers applied single N, P2O5 and K2O fertilizer. The aver- age application amounts of N, P2 05 and K2O fertilizers were 64. 87, 58.93 and 58.61kg/667m2 , respectively, and the ratio was 1 ： 0. 91 ： 0. 90. Provided by the chemical fertilizer N, P2 O5 and K2O were 60. 26,57. 13,56. 64 kg/667 m2, respectively, the proportion of the total fertilizer were 92. 88%, 96. 94% , 96. 64%. Greater than 90% of fertilization time was applied in three steps： the first base manure, seedling fertilization two times, post - to pro - harvest of 20 to 30 days of topdressing. The proportion of base fertilizer were 2. 1%, seedling fertilizer were 19. 5%, Post - fertilization accounted for 78.4%, respectively. The existing questions are as followings：firstly, the inputs of various fertilizers were unbalanced; secondly, manures were not fully used and their application amounts were insufficient;