不同玉米杂交种对花期高温、干旱复合胁迫的响应

为了筛选和评价耐高温、干旱能力强的玉米杂交种,利用人工控水坑栽和高温设施进行干旱和高温处理,研究了花期高温、干旱复合胁迫对6个审定杂交玉米品种生长及产量的影响,并对6个玉米杂交种花期抗高温、干旱的特性进行了综合评价。结果表明,高温、干旱及其复合胁迫均延长了玉米雌雄间隔期,降低了比叶重和叶绿素相对含量,玉米果穗穗粒数明显减少,百粒质量及籽粒产量明显下降,且干旱+高温复合胁迫对玉米穗粒数、百粒质量和籽粒产量的影响高于单一胁迫。不同基因型玉米对高温和干旱胁迫的响应存在明显差异,且玉米品种的抗高温能力与抗干旱能力间有一定的正相关关系。综合不同玉米品种各性状耐高温、干旱及其复合胁迫的系数和隶属函数值分析,浚单20、郑单958、郑单538花期抗高温、干旱的能力强,迪卡653中等,农华101、先玉335最弱。

Response of Different Maize Hybrids to High Temperature and Drought Stresses at Flowering Stage

In order to screen and evaluate the maize hybrids with high resistance to high temperature and drought,the effects of drought and high temperature stresses on the growth and yield of six maize hybrids at flowering stage were studied by pool cultivation and high-temperature facilities.The results showed that drought,high temperature and their compound stresses prolonged the interval between male and female,decreased the specific leaf weight,relative chlorophyll content,grain number per ear and 100-grain weight and grain yield,and the influence of the compound stresses of drought and high temperature on the grain number per ear,100-grain weight and grain yield was higher than the single stress.Moreover,the response of the hybrids to drought and high temperature stresses was different,and the high temperature resistance was positively related with drought resistance.Analysis of resistance coefficient of drought and high temperature and subordinate function values of different varieties,Xundan 20,Zhengdan 958 and Zhengdan 538 had high resistance to high temperature and drought,Dika 653 had medium resistance,Nonghua 101 and Xianyu 335 had weak resistance.