改性生物炭对玉米生长发育、养分吸收和土壤理化性状的影响

为明确生物炭和改性生物炭在碱性低肥力土壤上的改良培肥效果,采用温室盆栽试验的方法研究了不同施用水平0(CK)、0.5%、1%、2%]生物炭和酸洗处理改性生物炭对玉米生长发育、养分吸收和土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明:相较于CK,改性生物炭促进了玉米的地上部和根系干物质积累,同时显著增加了植株株高和叶面积,其中以2%施用水平表现最佳,其地上部干质量、根系干质量、株高、叶面积较CK分别提高了31.0%、61.7%、35.1%、48.2%;生物炭各施用水平处理玉米的地上部干质量和株高均显著下降,其中,1%和2%施用水平地上部干质量仅为CK的26.9%和29.2%。改性生物炭2%施用水平显著增加了玉米地上部氮、磷、钾养分吸收量,而生物炭处理地上部和根系的氮、磷、钾养分吸收量均出现不同程度地下降。2种生物炭类型均显著增加了土壤有机质含量;1%、2%生物炭处理土壤p H值分别显著增加了0.25、0.28个单位,改性生物炭2%施用水平增幅最高也仅0.10个单位。在低肥力碱性土壤中施用生物炭建议采用酸洗改性处理,以避免生物炭对作物生长发育可能存在的负面影响,且改性后的生物炭施用量以2%为宜。

Effects of Modified Biochar on Growth,Nutrients Uptake of Maize and Soil Physicochemical Properties

To evaluate the effect of biochar and modified biochar on improving soil fertility,a greenhouse pot culture experiment was carried out to study the effects of biochar and modified biochar on growth and nutritional status of maize, soil physicochemical properties under different application levels 0 ( CK ) , 0. 5%,1%,2%] in alkaline and low organic matter soil. The results showed that compared to CK,modi-fied biochar increased ground dry weight and root dry weight, meanwhile significantly increased plant height and leaf area,2% level performed the best with increments of ground dry weight,root dry weight, maize height and leaf area by 31. 0%,61. 7%,35. 1% and 48. 2%,respectively. Biochar significantly de-creased maize ground dry weight and height,ground dry weight of 1% biochar and 2% biochar treatments were only 26. 9% and 29. 2% of CK. The 2% modified biochar significantly increased ground N,P,K up-take in maize,while biochar treatments decreased ground and root N,P,K uptake in maize. Both biochar types significantly increased soil organic matter contents,1% biochar and 2% biochar treatments signifi-cantly increased soil pH values by 0 . 25 and 0 . 28 , while 2% modified biochar treatment reached thehighest among modified biochar treatments with the increment of 0 . 10 . This research suggested biochar was better to be acid disposed when applied in alkaline and low organic matter soils to avoid the negative effects of biochar on the growth of crops,and 2% rate was recommended for practice.