栽培措施对冬小麦抗干旱、低温胁迫能力的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了干旱、低温逆境下不同土壤耕作措施对冬小麦形态和生理指标的影响。采用两合土、砂姜黑土2种土壤,设置了包含施有机肥、保持土壤水分、整地(粗糙、精细和旋耕)等共7种土壤耕作方式处理,调查测定了冬小麦外部形态和内部生理指标。结果表明,不同土壤耕作方式对出苗、土壤水分、分蘖等都有影响,从而影响冬小麦抗寒能力。粗放整地处理的小麦对低温逆境的耐受能力较弱,施用有机肥、保持土壤适宜水分、精细整地等栽培措施明显增强小麦抗低温逆境能力。冬小麦在逆境下,叶片中脯氨酸含量大幅增加;低温逆境下冬小麦叶片脯氨酸含量比干旱逆境下急剧增加;干旱能提高小麦叶片中脯氨酸含量;适度干旱+低温逆境下的小麦抗寒能力增强。说明,土壤水分、肥力是影响冬小麦抗低温逆境胁迫能力的主要因素;一定范围内的干旱逆境锻炼,对提高小麦抗低温能力有一定的促进作用。

Effects of Cultivation Measures on Resistant Capacity of Winter Wheat Against Drought and Low Temperature Stresses

A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of different cultivation measures on the morphological and physiological properties of winter wheat under dry and low temperature environment.Seven treatments were set including soil fertility,soil water content and cultivation measures.The results showed that all treatments were different in morphological characters such as the emergence date,the tillering number per plant,etc.Extensive land-preparation reduced the tolerance ability of wheat against low-temperature,while applying fertilizer,irrigation and fine land preparation could increase the tolerance ability of wheat against low-temperature stress.The pro content of wheat leaves increased greatly in dry and low temperature stress,which was conductive to improving the tolerance capacity of wheat against low temperature stress.