生物有机肥对酿酒葡萄生长、养分吸收及产量品质的影响

针对贺兰山东麓大面积酿酒葡萄园因土壤瘠薄、过度依赖化肥而导致产量低且不稳等问题,采用田间试验结合室内分析,研究生物有机肥不同施用量(0、3、6、9、12、15t/hm2)对该区酿酒葡萄生长、养分吸收及产量品质的影响。结果表明:在一定生物有机肥施用量范围内,随施用量的增加,酿酒葡萄叶绿素含量比对照提高,新稍长增加3.19%～24.41%,百叶鲜质量增加2.91%～13.26%,而百叶干质量增幅为11.71%～26.30%,有利于干物质累积;施有机肥促进了叶部全氮、全磷、全钾含量的吸收,叶片全氮、全磷、全钾分别增加0.60%～12.93%、46.94%～82.65%和6.94%～17.14%;叶柄全氮、全磷、全钾分别增加9.04%～48.59%、112.50%～226.14%和5.87%～40.47%,有利于干物质合成,从而比对照增产360.05%～554.14%,果实总糖含量提高1.11～1.94个百分点,总酸度下降0.18～0.27个百分点,糖酸比增大10.04～16.13个百分点;但有机肥施用量超过12t/hm2时,对3年生酿酒葡萄生长、氮磷钾吸收和产量等产生明显抑制作用。经肥料效应方程计算得出,该区3年生酿酒葡萄最高产量和最佳经济效益的生物有机肥施用量为11.45t/hm2和10.01t/hm2。

Effect of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Wine Grape Growth,Nutrients Absorption, Yield and Quality

Grape yields and quality were mainly affected by soil fertility and fertilization.A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different bio-organic fertilizer application rates on wine grape growth,nutrients uptake,yield and quality.Single factor randomized block design with six bio-organic fertilizer application levels including 0,3,6,9,12,15 t/ha was adopted in order to get the reasonable bio-organic application rates.The grape branch length,chlorophyll content,hundred leaf weight,leaf and petiole's NPK content,yield,the contents of total sugar,soluble sugar,vitamin C and acidity were determined during the wine grape growing period.The results showed that,compared with the CK,grape branch length,hundred fresh leaf weight and hundred dry leaf weight increased by 3.19%-24.41%,2.91%-13.26%,11.71%-26.30%,respectively.Bio-organic fertilizer significantly enhanced the contents of foliar N,P,K,which increased by 0.60%-12.93%,46.94%-82.65% and 6.94%-17.14%,respectively,and petiole's N,P,K content increased by 9.04%-48.59%,112.50%-226.14% and 5.87%-40.47%,respectively.The yield increased by 360.05% to 554.14%,compared with the CK.Yet fruit total sugar content increased by 1.12% to 1.94%,total acidity decreased by 0.18%-0.27%,and su-gar acid ratio increased by 10.04-16.13.However,growth,N,P,K uptake and yield were significantly inhibited in the three-year-wine vineyards when the rate of bio-organic fertilizer application over 12 t/ha.The fertilizer effect equation shows that the maximum bio-organic fertilizer application rate for the 3-year vine grape is 11.45 t/ha and the optimum application amount is 10.01t/ha.In summary,appropriate bio-organic fertilizer application can significantly promote wine grape growth and improve grape yield and quality at the eastern foot of Helan mountain.