砂土、砂壤土强筋小麦保优增产技术研究

为了在豫东砂土和砂壤土生态类型区生产出品质达到国家标准的优质强筋小麦,在现行的生产、生态、技术条件下,采用田间小区试验方法,在等氮量的试验条件下,于拔节期和孕穗期2次追施氮肥,结果表明,砂土地强筋小麦比对照增产23.2%;砂土地强筋小麦在拔节期一次重追尿素225kg/hm2,籽粒粗蛋白质含量提高2.55个百分点,提高22.3%,湿面筋含量提高5.2个百分点,提高21.5%,面团稳定时间增加11.2min,弱化度由61降到12,如果把追氮时期再适当后移,其蛋白质、湿面筋含量和面团稳定时间又有所提高,弱化度又有所降低。由此说明,生育中后期追氮是提高砂土地强筋小麦产量和品质的关键措施。另外,应用新型增优剂对改善砂土、砂壤土地强筋小麦品质有一定作用,尤其对面团稳定时间的延长有较明显的作用。

Fertilization Technology of Strong Gluten Wheat in Sand,Sandy Loam Soil for Good Quality and High Yield

In order to produce strong gluten wheat of which quality meet the national standard in Yudong sand and sandy loam ecological zones,under the current production,ecological and technological conditions,the field experiment was conducted.In the condition of equal nitrogen,two nitrogen fertilizers in the jointing stage and booting stage resulted in production increase of 23.2% compared to CK.In the sand land,a heavy urea dressing of 225 kg/ha in the jointing stage made grain crude protein content increase by 2.55 percentage points,with a relative increase of 22.3%,wet gluten content increase by 5.2 percentage points,with a relative increase of 21.5%,dough stability time increase by 11.2 min,and the softening degree reduce from 61 to 12.If the period of nitrogen application was retarded appropriately,the protein,wet gluten content and dough stability time continued to increase and the softening degree got lower.The test results showed that nitrogen topdressing in the middle and late period was the key measure to improve the yield and quality of strong gluten wheat in sand soil.In addition,application of the new excellent agent could improve the quality of strong gluten wheat in sand and sandy loam soil,especially could extend the dough stability time.