限根栽培对设施大樱桃幼树控冠效果的研究

为解决设施大樱桃树冠生长旺盛、结果晚、产量低的问题,采用槽式、箱筐式以及结合根系断根修剪的限根技术,研究了不同限根方式对设施大樱桃幼树的控冠效果。结果表明,环形断根抑制株高和新梢生长的作用大于平行行向两侧纵向断根的抑制作用,其中环形断根抑制株高首年和次年分别为20.4%和19.1%,平行行向两侧纵向断根抑制株高首年和次年分别为18.3%和11.4%;环形断根抑制新梢生长长度首年和次年分别为23.7%和25.3%,平行行向两侧纵向断根抑制新梢长度首年和次年分别为18.4%和15.3%。限根栽培第2年,环形断根和平行行向两侧纵向断根处理每株花芽形成数量分别高于对照51.6%和61.7%,每株花束状果枝数分别高于对照84.6%和67.0%。限根栽培改变了树体内赤霉素水平。研究认为,限根栽培明显抑制设施大樱桃的生长,并能显著提高设施大樱桃花芽分化数量;设施大樱桃限根栽培方式可以采用断根修剪处理和箱框式限根处理,断根处理的限根栽培方式以平行行向距主干30cm处两侧纵向断根为宜。

Control Effect of Tree Body Size by Root Confinement on Young Cherry

In order to control the strong cherry trees in greenhouse culture,which trend to have late fruit and low yield,the article studied the confinement effects of trench,basket along with root pruning style of the root confinement on young cherry trees.The results indicated that ringlike root pruning restrained more the young stem length and plant height than root pruning of parallel to the side lines.The rate of suppression on the plant height of the young cherry trees of ringlike root pruning reached up to 20.4% and 19.1%,while root pruning of parallel to the side lines reached up to 18.3% and 11.4% in 2010 and 2011,respectively.The rate of suppression on the young stem length of the young cherry trees of ringlike root pruning reached up to 23.7% and 25.3%,while root pruning of parallel to the side lines reached up to 18.4% and 15.3% in 2010 and 2011,respectively.The sum of blossom buds of ringlike root pruning and root pruning of pa-rallel to the side lines were 51.6% and 61.7% more than the control,and the sum of fruit branches with flowers of ringlike root pruning and root pruning of parallel to the side lines were 84.6% and 67.0% more than the control in 2011.The root confinement on young cherry trees changed the level of GA3.The root confinement on young cherry trees could restrain plant growing obviously and promote the sum of blossom buds.The cultivation patterns of root confinement in greenhouse could adopt root pruning and basket,but root pruning of parallel to the side lines was more suitable.