洛阳烟区土壤养分演变及不同茬口土壤特性分析

为制定洛阳不同区域烟草施肥方案,提高烟草生产效益,于2011年对洛阳烟区3个主要植烟县共525个土壤样品进行分析,并与2002年烟田土壤分析结果进行对比。结果表明,全市土壤有机质含量平均为13.2g/kg,有78.1%的土壤有机质在适宜范围;速效氮含量偏高(>65mg/kg)的土壤占16.6%;土壤速效磷平均含量为9.52mg/kg,有68.8%的土壤速效磷处于缺乏或极缺的状态;土壤速效钾平均含量为183.1mg/kg;全市土壤有效铜、有效铁基本不缺乏,缺锰的烟田主要集中在洛宁烟区,全市有68%烟田施锌有效,有效硼普遍缺乏,水溶性氯离子含量整体适宜。同2002年相比,土壤有机质和速效氮含量有增加的趋势,土壤速效磷有较大幅度下降,土壤速效钾含量略有下降,微量元素中有效锌略有降低,有效硼下降幅度较大,土壤氯离子有较明显的下降。对烟区不同茬口土壤养分特征分析表明,不同茬口烟田养分存在明显差异,土壤速效氮含量以玉米和花生茬烟田较高,红薯和大豆茬烟田土壤速效磷明显低于其他作物茬口,土壤速效钾以花生茬最低,不同茬口烟田微量元素含量也存在一定差异。

Analysis of Soil Nutrients Variation and Soil Characteristics in Different Rotation Systems in Luoyang Tobacco Area

Soil nutrients of 525 soil samples collected from 3 main tobacco-planting regions in Luoyang in 2011 were analyzed,and the results were compared with the analysis results of samples collected in 2002.The results showed that the average content of soil organic matter was 13.2 g/kg,and 78.1% of soil organic matter content was in the suitable range;The tobacco fields with higher available nitrogen content(>65 mg/kg) accounted for 16.6%;The average content of available phosphorus was 9.52 mg/kg,and 68.8% of soil available phosphorus was poor;The average content of available potassium was 183.1 mg/kg;Soil available copper and available iron content was rich in the whole city,and water soluble chloride ion was suitable at large,however,soil available boron and zinc were short;Application of zinc fertilizer was effective for 68% tobacco fields in Luoyang;Besides,manganese deficiency was mainly distributed in Luoning tobaccoarea.Compared with the results of 2002,the contents of organic matter and available nitrogen was increased,however,the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium was decreased;For the microelements,the available zinc slightly decreased,but available boron and water soluble chloride ion significantly decreased.The results of soil characteristics in different rotation systems showed that available nitrogen content of tobacco area was higher in maize and peanut stubble,available phosphorus content of tobacco area in sweet potato and soybean stubble was significantlylower than other crop stubbles,available potassium was lowest in peanut stubble,and the content of microelements in different crop stubbles also had some differences.