秸秆还田与施氮量对小麦、玉米产量与品质的影响

为了研究高产条件下秸秆还田与不同施氮量对冬小麦/夏玉米一年两熟灌溉农田作物产量、品质的影响,在山东龙口进行了田间试验。结果表明,高产条件下,短期(2 a)秸秆还田对小麦、玉米增产效果不显著,但可以提高小麦籽粒蛋白质含量、延长面团稳定时间,改善加工品质。麦季施氮240 kg/hm2(N2)和减氮处理168 kg/hm2(N1)、玉米季施氮皆为112.5 kg/hm2条件下,N1、N2处理间小麦产量2 a均无显著差异,麦季氮肥后效对玉米季产量亦无显著影响。试验第1年,N1、N2处理对小麦和玉米籽粒品质无显著影响,试验第2年,小麦籽粒湿面筋含量及淀粉含量,N1处理显著高于N2处理,N2处理玉米籽粒的淀粉含量显著高于N1,同时也改变了玉米籽粒直链淀粉与支链淀粉比值。综合比较认为,在秸秆还田条件下,氮肥用量以麦季168 kg/hm2、玉米季112.5 kg/hm2较适宜。

Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Applied Amount on Yield and Quality of Wheat and Maize

In order to research the effects of straw returning and nitrogen applied amount on yield and quality of wheat and maize,field trial was conducted in Longkou city,Shandong province,China.The results showed that short-term(2 years) straw returning had no significant effect on crop yield,but it could increase wheat protein content and dough stability time and improve processing quality,in high-yield farmland.Nitrogen applied amount of 240 kg/ha(N2) and 168 kg/ha(N1) had in wheat season and 112.5kg/ha in maize seaeon no notable effect on wheat yield and maize yield.Meanwhile,N1 and N2 had no significant impact on kernel quality in the first year.In the second year,wheat kernel wet gluten content and starch content under N1 treatment were significantly higher than those of N2 treatment,but maize kernel starch content under N2 treatment was noticeably higher than that of N1 treatment.N2 treatment also changed the ratio of amylase content to amylopectin of maize.So in this experiment,the result showed that under straw returning conditions,nitrogen applied amount of 168 kg/ha and 112.5kg/ha in maize season was more suitable.