温、热生态环境下玉米生育性状的遗传研究

通过分析温带玉米自交系黄早4、热带自交系CML2 88及其F1、F2 和F2∶3在中、低纬度4个生态环境下的生育性状,研究了热带亚热带玉米光周期敏感相关性状的遗传特点。结果表明:在低纬度环境下,玉米生育期,F1平均值早于或接近黄早4 ,负向杂种优势明显,F2 和F2 :3家系普遍存在超亲单株和株系,说明低纬度环境,生育期是以显性为主,受加性、显性和上位性基因的共同作用;中纬度环境下,春播环境,F1平均值比黄早4晚11～13d ,比CML2 88早18～2 3d ,负向杂种优势减弱,F2 :3家系没有超亲株系,夏播环境与春播环境表现相似,只是负向杂种优势更弱,说明中纬度环境下,生育期是以部分显性为主,受加性和显性基因共同作用。在影响生育期的光温因素中,低纬度环境下,温度是影响生育期的主要因素,对钝感自交系黄早4的效应(7～12d) ,小于敏感自交系(10～19d) ,而且,对吐丝期的影响最大;中纬度环境下,温度和光周期对生育期共同作用,光周期的效应(12～18d)稍大于温度的效应(11～12d) ,尤以吐丝期表现最明显。

Studies on Heredity of the Traits of Maize Growth Stages under the Ecosystem Environments of Temperate Zone and Tropical Zone

Genetic studies of characters related to photoperiod sensitivity of growth stages were carried out by using P_1(huangzaos 4 from temperate zone),P_2(CML288 from tropical zone),F_1,F_2 and F_ 2:3 family under four different ecosystem environments with two different latitudes. The results showed that under low latitude environment the growth stages of F_1 was close to or earlier than P_1, and the ranges of F_2 population and F_ 2:3 family were wider than that of parents. Indicating that the growth stages were controlled mainly by dominance gene effect along with addictive and epistatic gene effects under low latitude environment.Under medium latitude environment the growth stages of F_1 was later 11-13 days than P_1 and earlier 18-23 days than P_2, and the ranges of F_2 and F_ 2:3 family were less than that of both parents in spring, which indicated that the growth stages were mainly controlled by part dominance genetic effect along with addictive genetic effects under medium latitude environment.Under low latitude environment, the growth stages was mainly influenced by temperature compared with photoperiod,and the effect of temperature for dull inbreeding line was weaker than that for sensitive inbreeding line, and the effect of temperature for days to silks was biggest. Under medium latitude environment, the growth stages were subjected to interaction among temperature and photoperiod, and the effect of photoperiod (12-18 days)was a little bigger than the effect of temperature(11-12 days). The effect of photoperiod for the days to silk was biggest.