化肥配施不同有机肥对土壤养分释放及烤烟养分吸收的影响

为了解化肥配施不同有机肥在不同生态条件下对植烟土壤养分释放及烤烟养分吸收的影响,于2008年在广西靖西县和南丹县烟区进行了化肥配施花生麸、猪厩肥、糖厂滤泥堆肥和稻草堆肥等有机肥的田间试验。结果表明:与纯化肥或当地推荐施肥相比,化肥配施有机肥处理的烤烟产量和上等烟比例在靖西县分别提高4.6%~15.5%和92.3%~106.7%,南丹县提高0.06%~32.4%和65.7%~97.8%;两县烤烟上、中部叶片的全钾、总氮、总糖、还原糖含量提高,烟碱下降,氮/碱比更接近0.8~0.9,糖碱比更接近10。不同的化肥配施有机肥处理间,烤烟产量及优质烟比例差异不显著;化肥配施有机肥在烤烟移栽后65 d内氮素释放较慢,但肥效较长,显著提高烤烟生长期土壤速效磷、钾供应能力,烟株养分吸收能力增强,后期烤烟叶片的全氮和全磷含量提高8.6%~61.5%和2.9%~34.3%。各处理中以化肥配施40%花生麸处理的烤烟产量、质量最佳,土壤养分指标与烤烟叶片养分指标含量最高,是烟田土壤较优的有机肥配施模式。相关分析表明,土壤速效养分与烟叶养分、烤烟大部分化学品质呈正相关,与烟碱呈负相关,表明化肥配施有机肥对土壤养分、烤烟养分吸收及烤烟品质的影响是一致的。

Effect of Combined Application of Different Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizer on the Soil Nutrient Release and Nutrient Absorption Characters of Tobacco

In order to guide fertilization for flue-cured tobacco production,this experiment analyzed the characters of the soil nutrient release and nutrient absorption of tobacco under the combined application of different organic manure and chemical fertilizer in Jingxi and Nandan of Guangxi provicece.Results showed that the yield and economic value of flue-cured tobacco treated with organic manure+chemical fertilizer were not significant but improved by 4.6%-15.5% and 92.3%-106.7% in Jingxi and 0.06%-32.4% and 65.7%-97.8% in Nandan respecitively compared either with chemical fertilizer or with local recommend fertilizer.Moreover,the total K,total N,total sugar and reducing sugar of tobacco increased with Nicotine discreased.N/nicotine and sugar/nicotine ratio is more close to 0.8-0.9 and to 10 than those with chemical fertilizer.Soil nitrogen released slowly at the early stage after applying organic manure and chemical fertilizer but lasted longer.The supply of soil available P and K nutrient,and nutrient absorption of tobacco significantly improved,e.g.the total N and total P of tobacco increased by 8.6%-61.5% and 2.9%-34.3% respectively at the end of the stage.The treatment of applying 40% peanut bran and 60% chemical fertilizer was a better fertilizing model because the best soil fertility,tobacco yield,quality,and nutrient can be reached under this fertilizing model.Correlation analysis showed that soil available nutrient had positive correlation with tobacco nutrient and with tobacco quality,indicating that soil fertility,tobacco nutrient and quality were synchronized after appling organic manure and chemical fertilizer.