小麦赤霉病抗性改良研究进展

小麦赤霉病是全球性的小麦病害,也是为害中国小麦生产的主要病害之一,尤其是长江中下游冬麦区,应用抗病品种是减轻小麦赤霉病危害的有效手段。本研究试图建立适宜南方麦区的小麦细胞工程、分子标记辅助选择与常规育种相结合的抗病育种体系,提高小麦赤霉病抗性改良效果。运用诱导体细胞无性系变异和DON毒素突变体的诱导与筛选;异源杂种幼胚培养;花药培养和染色体消失等单倍体诱导技术等创造抗赤霉病新种质,选育抗病新品种(系)。并运用分子作图,对主要抗源苏麦3号、望水白等进行赤霉病抗性分子定位和筛选,寻找与其紧密连锁的分子标记,为小麦抗赤霉病标记辅助选择提供有效标记。建立和完善小麦体细胞无性系变异诱导技术和单倍体诱导技术;创造出一批赤霉病抗性强而稳定,丰产性优良的新抗源;育成了生抗1号、生抗2号和生选3号、生选4号共4个高产、抗赤霉病小麦新品种;对望水白,苏麦3号和宁894037等主要抗源进行QTL定位,并获得了与赤霉病抗性连锁的分子标记,并对3BS主效QTL区域的相关标记在育种群体中的辅助选择进行了比较验证,初步建立了抗赤霉病分子标记辅助选择体系。20多年的实践表明:①运用生物技术与传统育种技术相结合,可以缩短新品种育成年限,提高抗...

Progress on Genetic Improvement for Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat

Fusarium head blight(FHB),also called scab,is a destructive disease in wheat worldwide and frequently occurres in China,especially in the middle to lower valley areas of Yangtze River.Host resistance has been considered a practical and effective means to minimize the losses caused by this devastating disease in wheat.The goal of researches during the past 20 years was to establish a breeding system combined with cell engineering,cytogenetics,molecular marker-assisted selection and conventional breeding to e...