中国小麦抗纹枯病育种研究进展

由禾谷丝核菌(Rhizoctonia cerealis vander hoeven)和立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kuha)引起的小麦纹枯病是中国长江流域和黄淮平原麦区的严重病害之一.该文系统综述了中国在小麦抗纹枯病种质资源筛选、抗性遗传、抗性基因定位和分子标记以及抗病种质创新和抗病育种等方面的最新进展.尽管在小麦改良品种中尚未发现对纹枯病高抗的类型,但在地方品种、国外引进品种和小麦近缘种属中则有高抗甚至免疫的种质.小麦抗纹枯病性表现为数量性状的遗传特征,抗性可能受2对主效基因和一些微效基因共同控制.通过品种间杂交,累加和聚合抗病基因可以创制抗病丰产的新种质.文中就如何加快国内小麦抗纹枯病育种步伐,提出了几点建议.

Advances in Researches on Wheat Breeding for Sharp Eyespot in China

Wheat sharp eyespot,caused by the soil-borne fungi(Rhizoctonia cerealis Vander Hoeven) and(Rhizoctonia solani Kuha),is one of the serious diseases in wheat growing regions in the reaches of the Yangtze River,the Yellow River and the Huaihe River of China.This paper highlights some of the significant progresses made in selection of resistant germplasms,inheritance of resistance,chromosomal location and molecular marker of resistant genes and development of resistant germplasms or varieties in China.Although highly resistant materials have not been found in the commercial wheat varieties,some highly resistant,even immune germplasms have been screened out from Chinese landrace,oversea varieties and wild species of wheat. The resistance to wheat sharp eyespot seems to be controlled by two pairs of major genes and a few minor genes.The new reisistant germplasms with excellent agronomic traits can be developed by intervarietal cross as the diverse resistant genes can be recombined and pyramided.Suggestions on development of the wheat varieties with resistance to sharp eyespot are also presented in the paper.