玉米主要农艺性状的遗传变异、相关性和主成分分析

以近年来选育的17个玉米品种为材料,对12个主要农艺性状(生育期、株高、茎粗、轴粗、穗长、穗粗、秃尖长、穗行、行粒、小区产量、千粒重、出籽率)进行变异系数、相关性和主成分分析,结果表明:小区产量、行粒数、株高的变异系数较大,分别为9.23%、7.49%和7.21%,生育期和出籽率变异系数最小,分别为1.98%和1.86%;在相关性上,小区产量与出籽率呈极显著的正相关,行粒、穗长、穗粗、千粒重也与小区产量呈正相关;主成分分析结果表明,前4个主成分对变异的累计贡献率达80.35%。在性状选择上,首先对变异大的性状进行选择是非常重要的,在品种的选择上,应注意选择产量和出籽率、行粒、穗行、千粒重均高的品种。

Genetic Variation, Correlation and Principal Component Analyses on Major Agronomic Character of Maize

The genetic variation,correlation and principal component of 12 agronomic characters of 17 corn varieties were analyzed.The result showed that the variations of yield per plot,row grains and plant heigh were the greatest,with a value of 9.23%,7.49% and 7.21%,and variations of rowth period and kernel rate were the least,with a value of 1.98% and 1.86%.Correlation analysis indicated that there was a significantly positive correlation between yield per plot and kernel rate,and there was also a positive correlation tends among row grains,ear lengh,ear diameter,1000-kernel weigh and yield pre plot.Principal component analysis showed that the first four printipal components accounted for over 80.35% of total variation.It is very important to select these agronomic characters which have bigger variant coefficient and have high yield,kernel rate,row grains,ear rows and 1000-kernel weigh.