有机肥料用量对低产稻田土壤养分和水稻产量的影响

连续3 a在中低产水稻土上进行有机肥料试验,结果表明:施用有机肥料使水稻经济产量平均增产25%,而秸秆产量增加效果高达47%;在低量有机肥料处理中,养分的农学效率为6.3 kg,肥料养分利用率36.8%,高量处理中养分的农学效率只有1.7 kg/kg,肥料养分利用率仅为20.8%,有机肥料最佳施用量在15~30 t/hm~2。施用有机肥料可以快速培肥土壤,3 a后,土壤中的OM、全N、全P、有效N、有效P和有效K含量比不施肥处理分别增加8.0%、9.6%、20.0%、8.2%、183.1%和21.5%。其中以增加土壤全P和有效P效果最为明显,有效P平均增加183%,土壤OM也增加8%,全N增加9.6%。有机肥料能够快速培肥稻田土壤和提高水稻产量。

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Amount on Soil Nutrients and Rice Yield in Low Yield Paddy Fields

Based on the experiment of 3 years continuous application of organic fertilizer in low yield paddy soil, the results showed that by applying organic fertilizer, the average economic yield of rice increased by 25%, and the yield of straw increased by 47%; in low organic fertilizer treatment, the agronomic efficiency of nutrient was 6.3 kg, and the fertilizer nutrient utilization rate was 36.8%, the agronomic efficiency of nutrient in the high volume treatment was only 1.7 kg/kg, and the utilization rate of fertilizer nutrients was only 20.8%, the optimum dosage of organic fertilizer is 15-30 t/hm2. Applying organic fertilizer can quickly fertilize soil, after 3 years, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content in the application organic fertilizer treatments increased by 8%, 9.6%, 20%, 8.2%, 183.1%, 21.5% respectively, that compared with non-fertilizer treatment. Application of organic fertilizer to increase the total phosphorus and effective phosphorus of the soil was the most obvious, the effective phosphorus increased by 183%, and the soil organic matter increased by 8%, and soil total nitrogen increased by 9.6%. Organic fertilizer can cultivate the paddy soil quickly and increase the yield of rice.