粳稻品质与穗部性状关系的研究

采用聚类分析、回归分析等方法对辽宁省近年来32个水稻品种(品系，以后简称品种)品质性状和穗部性状进行分析。结果表明：弯穗型品种品质指标优于半直立穗型品种，半直立穗型品种品质指标优于直立穗型品种。依品质性状参试材料可聚类为6类，第1类辽盐40组品质特点是垩白率、垩白度较高；第2类是辽粳294组，品质指标普遍很好；第3类辽粳5号组，垩白率、垩白度偏高；第4类沈农654组，直链淀粉含量较高，垩白率、垩白度较高，胶稠度较小。黎明、辽粳326各成一类．垩白率、垩白度很高。直立穗型品种成粒率、谷粒长对品质影响很大；半直立穗型品种一次枝梗、成粒率、谷粒长宽比对品质影响很大：弯穗型品种穗长、二次枝梗／一次枝梗、成粒率、一次枝梗对品质影响很大。以提高成粒率为重点，可使穗部性状各指标实现优化组合，实现优质。

Relationships between Panicle Traits and the Quality of Rice

Panicle traits and the quality of rice were analyzed using clustering and regression analysis method etc. The results indicat-ed that the qualities of the curved panicle rice were better than that of semi-erect panicle rice, and the qualities of the semi-erect panicle rice were better than that of the erect panicle rice. The results of clustering based on the qualities of rice were that except Reimei, Liaojing326, other materials were classified into four groups according to UPGMA. Among them, the quality of Liaojing 294 group was the best, Liaoyan 40 group was the second, Liaojing 5 group and others were the worst. The percentage of ripened grains and the length of grain affected the quality of rice with erect panicles. The number of primary rachis branches, the percentage of ripened grains and the ratio of grain length to width affected the quality of rice with semi-erect panicles. And the length of pani-cles, the ratio of grain length to width, the percentage of ripened grains and the number of rachis branches affected the quality of rice with curved panicles. The result indicated that increasing the percentage of ripened grains could optimize the panicle traits and improve the quality.