智能化技术在水稻生产全程机械化中的应用研究与发展趋势

智能控制是水稻生产全程机械化向智能化发展的关键核心技术.本文从水稻作业环节中的耕整地、种植、田间管理和收获四个方面概述分析了国内外水稻生产机具使用情况和机械化作业情况,着重阐述了智能化技术在水稻生产全程机械化中的应用研究,涵盖了耕深智能调节与自动平地技术、工厂化育秧移栽与精量直播技术、田间管理智能化技术(灌溉、施肥、除草和病虫害防治)、收获机在线监测和智能控制技术、自动导航与无人驾驶技术等.指出了制约水稻生产全程机械化向智能化发展的技术难点,并展望了其未来发展趋势,以期为智能化技术在水稻生产全程机械化中的应用提供参考.

Application and development of intelligent technology in full mechanization of rice production

Intelligent control is the key core technology for the development of full mechanization of rice production to intelligence. This article summarized and analyzed the use of rice production machinery and mechanized operations at home and abroad from four aspects of rice cultivation,planting,field management and harvesting. It emphasized the application and development of intelligent technology in the full mechanization of rice production. It covered the plow deep intelligent adjustment and automatic flat plug tray technology,rice seedlings precision seeding performance detection and intelligent seeding technology,precise technology,water-saving irrigation technology,the technology of variable rate fertilization,weeding robot technology,plant diseases and insect pests and unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing monitoring spraying technology,key components harvester monitoring and intelligent control technology,the impurity rate and on-line monitoring technology,automatic navigation and breakage driverless technology. The technical difficulties limiting the development of mechanization to intelligence in the whole process of rice production were pointed out. The development of multi-sensor information fusion is proposed to improve the intelligent perception ability of rice production machinery. The research and development of high-efficiency,precise and energy-saving intelligent equipment for rice must be innovated and accelerated. The high-end navigation system that integrates inertial navigation system and machine vision system must be explored. Promoting the intensive operation of general machinery and the sustainable development of modern agriculture is the key to realizing the mechanization and intelligence of the entire process of rice production.