3种甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系花药发育的细胞学研究

采用石蜡制片方法，对3种甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系及其恢复系的小孢子发生和花粉发育过程进行比较解剖学观察，以确定其花粉败育的时期和细胞学特点。研究结果表明：波里马雄性不育系花药发育受阻于孢原细胞分化期，雄蕊不能分化形成花粉囊。S43A雄性不育系花粉败育的时期发生在小孢子四分体至单核花粉期，败育的特点为小孢子细胞质液泡化，逐渐变形解体，不能进行有丝分裂形成二胞花粉，同时绒毡层细胞过度液泡化，并提早解体死亡。G022A不育系的花药在小孢子发生的不同阶段均出现败育现象，最早的败育表现为花粉母细胞的退化解体；有些因花粉母细胞减数分裂异常不能形成小孢子四分体；还有的因小孢子在四分体中不能正常释放而败育，并伴随着绒毡层细胞的畸形化、异常生长等现象。

Cytological Study on Anther Development in Three Types of Brassica napus L. Male Sterility Line

Observation of anther in three types of Brassica napus L.male sterility line was made by means of paraffin section method in order to determine the time when the anther development was inhibited and the sterile mode.It indicated that:In polima CMS,the inhibition of their anther development occurred at the stage of archesporial cell,they had no pollen sac differentiation.In S_(45)A,the inhibition of their anther development occurred at the stage of tetrad and uninucleic pollen,after some microspores were released,they began to vaculate and deform gradually.The deformation of C_(022)A occured at different stages.Some occured at the stage of pollen mother cell(PMC),the abnormal expressions were PMCs death;in some anthers,the meiosis of PMC was show to be abnormal and in other anthers the microspores can not be released from tetrad successfully with their tapetal cells deformed.