23种植物提取物对荔枝霜疫霉病菌的抑菌活性

采用菌丝生长速率法测定了盾叶薯蓣等23种植物提取物对荔枝霜疫霉病菌的抑菌活性。结果表明:甲醇对荔枝霜疫霉病菌生长的影响明显小于乙醇、丙酮、石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正己烷、苯、甲苯、正丁醇。盾叶薯蓣(根)、水菖蒲甲醇提取物(干粉)10 mg/mL浓度处理后7 d抑菌率分别为94.14%和98.50%;野核桃、百部、苦参、朱砂藤、八角莲、筒鞘蛇菰甲醇提取物相同浓度时抑菌率达80%以上。75%乙醇对盾叶薯蓣的提取率20.80%。盾叶薯蓣75%乙醇提取物1.0 mg/mL和5.0 mg/mL处理对荔枝霜疫霉病菌丝生长的抑菌率分别为86.64%和96.15%,对荔枝霜疫霉病菌孢子囊芽管萌发的抑制中浓度(质量浓度)为497.30 mg/L。

Antifungal Activity of Extracts from 23 Species of Plants against Peronoph ythora litchi Chen

Fungal inhibitory activity of the extracts of Dioscorea zingiberensis and other 22 species of plants against Peronophythora litchi Chen was determined by using mycelial growth rate method,which may contribute to a new method for biological control of P.litchi.The results in mixed fermentation showed that methanol exhibited less fungistatic effects on P.litchi than the other eight solvents,including ethanol,acetone,petroleum ester,ethyl acetate,benzene,methylbenzene,hexane and n-butanol.The methanol extracts of D.zingiberensis(root) and Acorus calamus showed inhibition rates of 94.14% and 98.50% respectively,after 7 day's treatment with a dry-powder concentration of 10 mg/mL,while those from Juglans cathayensis,Stemona tuberose,Sophora flavescens,Cymbidium officinale,Dysosma versipellis and Balanophora involucrata revealed inhibition rates of more than 80% at the same test concentration.Extract ratio reached 20.80% by using 75% ethanol extract of D.zingiberensis and showed inhibition rates of 86.64%,96.15% on P.litchi with dry-powder concentration of 1.0 mg/mL and 5.0 mg/mL,and the median inhibitory concentration 497.30 mg/L(W/V) against the germination of sporangia of P.litchi,respectively.