广东省吴川红火蚁生境类型、空间分布和抽样技术的研究

系统调查和研究了红火蚁在广东省吴川市农田生态系统的生境类型、空间分布规律和抽样技术。结果表明:红火蚁的生境类型较丰富多样,表现出较强的环境适应能力,荒坡、荒地、田埂等受到干扰较少的地点红火蚁发生密度高,而耕作农田如水稻田、菜田、花生地、红薯地等红火蚁发生密度很低;单个指标如丛生指数、聚块性指数、久野指数表明活动蚁巢在平面空间上主要呈现随机分布;经对Iwaom*-m回归模型、Taylor幂模型参数分析认为红火蚁活动蚁巢空间分布基本成分为单个蚁巢,蚁巢间存在相互排斥的作用,在所有密度下都是随机分布,且密度越高,分布越均匀。在空间格局研究基础上给出了最适理论抽样数公式和不同密度下的理论抽样数。提出的抽样方法为:先选取具代表性的小面积地块,对发生密度进行初步估计,如密度较低,零星发生,调查面积要大一些,每点面积应在500 m2以上;如密度较高,发生较普遍,根据理论抽样面积进行相应的调整,每点面积可在100~200 m2。一般每个类型的地点要调查3点以上。

Study on Types of Environment,Spatial Ditribution and Sampling of Red Imported Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta Buren Active Mounds in Wuchuan,Guangdong Province

Types of environment,spatial distirbution and optimum therotical sampling quantity of active mounds of red improted fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren in Wuchuan,Guangdong Province were studied with data collected from different types of environments and some parameters of spatial pattern.The results showed that active mound density of red imported fire ant were very high at those non or rarely disturbed places while the density was very low at the farm often operated such as rice,vegetable,peanut,sweet potato.Some parameters m*,I,m*/m,C_(A) and K of spatial pattern revaealed that active mounds distributed radomly at horizontal space.Iwao m~(*)-m model and Taylor power model were built up between m* and m.According to the two models above,the basic unit at space was individual of active mound and the basic units interfered each other.The spatial distribution of active mounds was more uniform with higher density of active mounds.Optimum therotical sampling quantity for active mound was given based on the Iwao m~(*)-m model.Suitable sample technology was discussed.