云南地方稻种不同分类方法的比较研究

在中国的丁颖和程侃声栽培稻分类体系的基础上，按俞履祈的变种分类方法对云南搜集保存的5285份地方稻种资源进行分类研究表明：（1）云南是中国稻种最大的遗传变异中心。（2）云南地方稻分属58个变种，为中国栽培稻变种的总和，但品种数约占中国栽培稻的8.6%；其变种特点是以普通籼、红籼，红粳、普通粳、普通糯粳和红光壳粳为优势变种，粳稻变异大于籼稻，深色型、糯稻、光壳稻和有芒变种占有较高比较。（3）云南地方稻种分为籼粳2个亚种、6大生态群，其中热带粳群、光壳粳群和普通粳群的品种数分别占云南地方稻种的3.6%，18.1%,32.1%，分别为13，11和18个变种；早中籼群、冬籼群和晚籼群的品种分别占云南地方稻种的1.8%，0.5%,43.9%，分别为11，4和24个变种。（4）云南地方稻籼亚种26个变种和粳亚种32个变种。籼水稻和晚稻是籼亚种的基本型，籼陆稻和早中稻则是生态变异型。粳亚种中的水陆稻、粘糯稻、早中和晚稻之间均没有基本型与变异型之分，且与籼亚种中的有明显区别。这进一步揭示了云南地方稻种籼和粳为两个独立起源中心。（5）初步提出云南栽培稻分类体系为按“种－亚种－生态群－生态变种群－品种类型”的5级新型分类体系。

COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION METHODS OF INDIG ENOUS RICE GENOTYPES IN YUNNAN PROVINCE

Three Chinese taxonomic systems were used to analyze 5285 accessions of the indigenous rice germplasms collected and stored in Yunnan. The following results have been obtained: (1) Yunna represents the largest center of genetic diversity of rice in China. (2) The local cultivars of rice in Yunnan involve 58 varieties, equivalent to the total number of rice varieties in China, but the number of rice cultivars in Yunnan accounts for only 8.6% of the total in China. Common indica, red indica , red japonica , common japonica , common glutinous japonica and red nuda japonica are the predominant varieties. Greater variation is present in japonica subspecies than in indica subspecies with relatively high proportion of deep-color type and glutinous, nuda and hairy-husk varieties. (3) Yunnan local rice germplasms are composed of two subspecies (indica and japonica ) and 6 ecotypes. Varieties of javanica, nuda and communis japonica number 14, 13 and 18 and their cultivar numbers account for 3.6%, 18.1% and 32.1%, respectively, of the total in Yunnan; varieties of aus, aman and boro (indica subspecies) number 11, 26 and 4 and their cultivars account for 2.1%, 43.9% and 0.2%, respectively, of the total. (4) The local rice germplasms in Yunnan are composed of 26 varieties of indica subspecies and 32 varieties of japonica subspecies. Indica lowland rice and late rice form the basic types of indica subspecies while indica upland rice and early-middle rice represent the eco-variant type. In the japonica subspecies, no distinction of basic or variant type exists between lowland and upland rice, glutinous and non-glutinous rice, and early-middle and late rice. This is strikingly different from indica subspecies, an additional evidence to support the speculation that the indica and the japonica rice in Yunnan derive from of two independent centers of origin. (5) A new taxonomic system based on 5 grades (species, subspecies, eco-type, ecological variety group and cultivar) is formed and recommended for classification study of rice.