基于实际生育期的东北地区玉米气候生产潜力研究

应用1981-2006年中国东北三省30个农业气象观测站玉米生育期资料和玉米种植区内1961-2006年70个气象台站的气象资料,统计分析了东北三省玉米主要发育期的变化特点,研究了东北地区玉米实际生长期间的气候生产潜力的变化特征,结果表明:东北地区玉米各生育期呈现自西南—东北方向逐步推进的趋势;东北地区玉米光合生产潜力、光温生产潜力均呈现由西向东、由北向南递减的趋势,而气候生产潜力呈现由西南向东北逐渐递减的趋势.46年来东北地区光合生产潜力、气候生产潜力呈逐年减少的趋势,而光温生产潜力辽宁、吉林呈现逐年减少的趋势,黑龙江呈现增加趋势.从年代际来看,东北地区玉米气候生产潜力在20世纪60年代最高,进入90年代后显著减少,2001年后进入气候生产潜力的最小时期.在玉米生产中应根据热量资源增多的特点,适当扩大晚熟型玉米种植面积,延长生长期,采取水分调控等措施提高玉米的综合生产能力.

StudyonClimaticPotentialProductivityofMaizein NortheastChinaBasedonActualGrowingStages

Based on the data about maize growing stages of 30 agro-meteorological stations from 1981 to 2006 in the 3 provinces of Northeast China and the daily meteorological data of 70 meteorological stations in the maize growing regions from 1961 to 2006,the changing characteristics of maize main growing stages and variation characteristics of climatic potential productivity in the actual growing stages were statistically analyzed.The results indicated that the distribution of maize growing stages were gradually postponed from the southwest to the northeast,photosynthetic potential productivity and light-temperature potential productivity of maize in Northeast China diminished from the west to the east and from the north to the south,while climatic potential productivity of maize showed a gradually decreasing trend from the southwest to the northeast.Photosynthetic potential productivity and climatic potential productivity of maize showed a decreasing trend in Northeast China during the past 46 years,light-temperature potential productivity in Liaoning and Jilin provinces showed a decreasing trend,but light-temperature potential productivity in Heilongjiang province showed an increasing trend.Inter-decadal variation analysis showed that climatic potential productivity reached the maximum in the 1960’s,began to decrease dramatically from the 1990’s,and reached the minimum after 2001.Because of the increasing heat resource,some measures such as enlarging the planting area of late-maturing maize,prolonging growth period and artificial moisture regulation should be promoted to improve comprehensive productivity of maize.