云南省植烟土壤理化性状及其相关性研究

为进一步了解云南省植烟土壤理化性状分布特征及其关系,于2014年和2015年对云南省12个州(市)采集2 127份土壤样品进行测定分析.结果表明:1)云南省植烟土壤物理性粘粒质量分数平均50.91%,偏重壤土,pH值以及养分平均质量分数除有机质偏高外,均适宜优质烤烟生产.2)12个州(市)间植烟土壤的物理性粘粒和养分质量分数差异有统计学意义(p0.01),红河和文山物理性粘粒质量分数最高,保山和大理的有机质和速效氮质量分数最丰富,曲靖和昭通速效钾最丰富,昆明、楚雄和临沧有效硼最丰富,德宏和普洱的pH值和养分质量分数较低.3)文山43.08%和红河52.34%的土壤物理性粘粒质量分数大于60%,需适当调节土壤通透性;德宏66.67%,临沧54.78%和普洱53.69%的土壤pH值小于5.5,需调节土壤酸碱度;普洱58.40%和41.61%的土壤速效氮和速效磷质量分数缺乏,需增施氮肥和磷肥;各州(市)均存在35.41%~66.67%土壤速效钾质量分数缺乏,需增施钾肥;红河49.99%土壤有效硼质量分数缺乏,需增施硼肥;大理30.41%,曲靖20.80%和昭通16.66%的植烟土壤水溶性氯质量分数大于30mg/kg,应当适当控制含氯肥料施用.4)云南省植烟土壤有机质、速效氮、速效钾和有效硼质量分数与物理性粘粒质量分数的R2值较高(0.696 2~0.885 9),有机质和速效氮和有效硼质量分数存在随物理性粘粒质量分数升高而先升高再降低趋势,速效钾质量分数存在随物理性粘粒质量分数升高而升高的趋势.

Study on Physical and Chemical Properties of Tobacco-Growing Soils in Yunnan Province and the Correlation Between Them

In order to have a better understanding of the physico-chemical properties of the major tobacco-growing soils in Yunnan and the nutrient contents in them, 2127 soil samples were collected from 12 prefectures/cities of the province and analyzed in 2014 and 2015. The average physical clay contents in the soil samples averaged 50.91% and soil texture was mainly heavy loam. The average pH and nutrient contents were suitable for good-quality tobacco cultivation, except that organic matter was a bit over-abundant. Highly significant differences (p<0.01) existed in the contents of soil physical clay and nutrients among the 12 tobacco-planting prefectures/cities. Soil physical clay content was the highest in Honghe and Wenshan. Soil organic matter and available N were the most abundant in Baoshan and Dali. Soil available K was the highest in Qujing and Zhaotong. Soil available B content was the highest in Kunming, Chuxiong and Lincang. The soil pH and nutrient contents in Dehong and Pu''er were relatively low. Of the tobacco-growing soils in Honghe and Wenshan 3.08% and 52.34% had a soil physical clay content of more than 60%, respectively, and so adjustment of soil permeability is necessary. In Dehong, Lincang and Pu''er, 66.67%, 54.78% and 53.69% of the tobacco-growing soils had a pH less than 5.5 and, therefore, adjustment of soil pH is recommended. In Pu''er, 58.40% of the soil samples were found to be insufficient in available N and 41.61% was insufficient in available P, indicating the need to apply more N and P fertilizers. In all the 12 prefectures/cities, 35.41%~66.67% of the soils were insufficient in available K, indicating that K fertilizer application must be increased. Of the soil samples in Honghe, 49.99% were lacking in available B, and B fertilization is required. Of the soil samples in Dali, Qujing and Zhaotong, 30.41%, 20.80% and 16.66% had a water-soluble chlorine content of higher than 30 mg/kg, suggesting that chlorine-containing fertilizer should be applied carefully. The R squared value was quite high between the contents of organic matter, and available N, K and B, on the one hand, and physical clay, on the other, being 0.696 2~0.885 9. With the rise of soil physical clay contents, the contents of organic matter, available N and available B first increased and then decreased, while the content of available K increased steadily.