欧李在贵州喀斯特石漠化区的引种观察

为筛选适合贵州喀斯特石漠化区栽种的欧李品种,采用田间试验对4个引进欧李品种的适应性、花期、坐果率和植株高度等进行观察,在室内对其品质进行测定。结果表明:1)欧李3号、欧李4号、欧李5号和内蒙1号4个欧李品种均能在贵州正常生长并安全越冬,栽植成活率分别为93.5%、91.5%、90.0%和92.5%。2)欧李3号、欧李4号和欧李5号的平均坐果率分别为39.2%、43.4%和29.4%,平均植株高度分别为105.7cm、102.1cm和52.2cm。3)欧李3号和欧李4号共检测出17种氨基酸,其总含量分别为2 870mg/100g和3 647mg/100g;维生素B12含量分别为0.29mg/kg和0.26mg/kg。4)欧李4号的植株高度、开花量、平均坐果率等均优于欧李3号和欧李5号,但欧李3号在贵州喀斯特石漠化地区的生长状况最好,在开花期和挂果期对欧李3号进行疏花、疏果,并注重水、肥管理,密度控制和修枝,可促进果实良好生长。结论:引进的4个欧李品种均适宜在贵州种植,而且欧李3号、欧李4号和欧李5号的表现均较好,可在贵州推广种植。

Introduction of Prunus humilis in Guizhou Karst Stone Desertification Area

The adaptability,flowering time,florescence duration,fruit setting rate,plant height were studied by field experiments and quality of P.humilis was detected in the laboratory to screen the optimum P.humilis cultivars in Guizhou karst stone desertification area.The results showed that: 1) P.humilis 3,P.humilis 4,P.humilis 5 and Inner Mongolia 1 could all grow well and overwinter safely in Guizhou with the survival rates of 93.5%,91.5%,90.0% and 92.5% respectively.2) The average fruit setting rates of P.humilis 3,P.humilis 4 and P.humilis 5 were 39.2%,43.4% and 29.4% and the average plant heights were 105.7 cm,102.1 cm and 52.2 cm respectively.3) A total of 17 kinds of amino acids was detected in P.humilis 3 and P.humilis 4,the total contents in them were 2 870 mg/100 g and 3 647 mg/100 g,and the vitamin B12 contents were 0.29 mg/kg and 0.26 mg/kg separately.4) The plant height,blossom quantity and average fruit setting rate of P.humilis 4 were all better than P.humilis 3 and P.humilis 5.However,the growth condition of P.humilis 3 was the best in Guihou karst stone desertification area.Countermeasures of flower thinning and fruit thinning in florescence duration and fruiting period,paying more attention to water and fertilizer management,density control and pruning could bring well grow and high yield of P.humilis 3.Conclusion: the four introduced P.humilis varieties were all suitable to be planted in Guizhou.P.humilis 3 and P.humilis 4 had better performance and could be generalized in Guizhou.