贵州湄潭县茶园土壤的理化性状特征

为合理布局贵州区域茶园,提高茶叶产量和质量,促进贵州茶叶生产可持续发展,采用土壤地球化学调查方法对湄潭县茶叶种植区代表性茶园土壤理化性状特征进行系统研究。结果表明:研究区内碎屑岩背景区茶园土壤主要为黄壤类黄砂泥土,土壤质地以砂壤、壤粘土为主,土壤风化程度较低、肥力较高、养分供应条件较好,所产茶叶氨基酸含量较高,适宜生产优质绿茶;碳酸盐岩背景区茶园土壤主要为黄壤类黄粘泥土,表层土壤为壤粘土质地,土壤风化程度高,随土层的深度增加,土壤质地愈加粘重,通气透水性能差,土壤中有效氮和有效钾等养分含量较低,但所产茶叶茶多酚含量较高,种植茶叶宜采用浅耕与深耕相结合,并需增施有机肥、氮肥和钾肥。

Physical and Chemical Traits and Characteristics of Soils in Tea Gardens in Meitan County of Guizhou Province

To improve the yield and quality of tea product of Guizhou,reasonable layout the tea gardens in Guizhou areas,and promote the sustainable development of tea production in Guizhou,the systematical study of the physical and chemical traits and characteristics of soils in the typical tea garden in Meitan County of Guizhou Province was carried out with the soil geochemical surveying methods.Results:The soils of tea garden in the debris rocks background areas is yellow sand soils which belongs to yellow soils types mainly.The texture of soils is sand soil,loam clay mainly.The weathering degree of the soils is relatively low and the soil fertility is higher.The nutrient supply conditions are good.The content of amino acids of the tea is high.These areas are suitable to product the excellent green tea.While the soils of tea garden in the carbonate rocks background areas is yellow clay which belongs to yellow soils types mainly.The surface soil is loam clay mainly.The weathering degree of the soils is relatively high and with the deeper weathering,the texture of soils is loam clay mainly,and the ventilation and permeability capability is worse.The soil fertility is higher.The content of the available nutrient such as nitrogen and potassium is low,but the content of tea polyphenol is high.The tea planting should combine the shallow tillage and deep tillage,and fertilize the organics fertilizer,nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer additionally.