氮素前移对烤烟生长发育以及烟叶质量的影响

为探明氮素前移对烤烟生长发育、烤后烟质量的影响,以红花大金元为试材,统一采用烟草专用肥(配合常规施肥方式与水肥一体化技术),对比分析氮素前移模式(伸根期追肥40%,旺长期60%)与常规施氮方式(伸根期追肥25%,旺长期45%,成熟期35%)烤烟的田间生长及烤后烟叶品质的变化。结果表明:氮素前移处理较常规氮肥模式的烤后烟单叶重、叶质重以及含梗率显著降低,物理性状更好,还原糖、总糖、钾含量提高,蛋白质、烟碱、总氮含量降低,总体化学成分协调性提高,评吸质量提高,中性致香成分增加。在不同施肥方式中,上部叶以氮素前移配合水肥一体化技术的处理表现较好,中部叶则以氮素前移配合常规施肥方式处理的表现较好,经济效益较高。氮素适当前移,有利于促进烤烟前期生长发育,并控制后期长势促进成熟落黄,提高烟叶质量与经济效益。

Effects of Nitrogen Forward on the Growth of Tobacco Plant and the Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaf

In order to study the effects of nitrogen forward on tobacco plant growth and development and flue-cured tobacco quality,taking the tobacco cultivar Honghuadajinyuan and tobacco-specific fertilizer (combined with conventional fertilization and integration of water and fertilizer) as the materials,the tobacco plant growth and flue-cured tobacco quality were studied under two nitrogen application modes,nitrogen forward mode(root extending stage 40％,vigorous growing stage 60％) and normal nitrogen application mode(root extending stage 25％,vigorous growing stage 45％,mature stage 35％).Results:Compared with conventional nitrogen application mode,nitrogen forward significantly decreased the fluecured tobacco leaf weight,specific leaf weight and stem ratio,optimized the physical characteristics,enhanced the contents of reducing sugar,total sugar and potassium,decreased the contents of protein,nicotine and total nitrogen.Meanwhile,the general harmony of chemical components,smoking quality and neutral aroma components were increased.The upper leaves performed well with the fertilizing mode of nitrogen forward plus integration of water and fertilizer,middle leaves had better performance and higher economic benefits when applied with nitrogen forward plus conventional fertilizing mode.Nitrogen forward properly is conducive to the promotion of the growth in early stage,the control of the growth in later stage,the promotion of yellowing and the improvement of the quality and economic benefits.