广东省滨海盐土特征及改良策略

滨海盐土是随地表径流流入海的泥沙或风浪掀起的浅海沉积物，在潮汐和海流的作用下在潮间带絮凝、沉积，使滩面不断淤高以致露出海面后形成的一类土壤。广东省滨海盐土资源丰富，主要分布在湛江、珠海、江门、汕头等地，在沿海经济发展中具有极其重要的战略地位。滨海盐土是主要中低产田类型之一，其土壤特性是含盐量高，具有盐渍化特征；养分含量高，土壤有机质丰富，潜在肥力高，通过适当的改良措施可以成为良田。滨海盐土的利用治理策略主要包括：通过工程措施，隔断海水再次入侵农田；改善排灌条件，应用雨水淋洗脱盐技术、人工淋洗脱盐技术、边种植边淋洗脱盐技术等措施排水降盐；通过土壤改良、科学施肥、壮根栽培、选择耐盐水稻品种或水生作物轮作等技术措施，实现滨海盐土的可持续利用。滨海盐土是广东省未来耕地发展的重要后备资源，充分开发利用滨海盐土，在增加粮食播种面积、拓展耕地资源、保障粮食安全等方面具有重大意义。基于广东滨海盐土现状，提出重视滨海盐土资源的专项调查、强化资金投入、推动科研工作、建立综合治理长期定位观测站等建议。

Characteristics of Seashore Saline Soils in Guangdong Province and Improvement Strategies

Seashore saline soil is a kind of soil formed after the sediments flowing into the sea with surface runoff or shallow sea sediments lifted up by wind and waves, flocculated and deposited in the intertidal zone under the action of tides and ocean currents, and finally exposed to the sea surface as the result of continuously silting up. The seashore saline soil in Guangdong Province is rich in resources, mainly distributed in Zhanjiang, Zhuhai, Jiangmen, Shantou and other places, and has an extremely important strategic position in the coastal economic development. Seashore saline soil is one of the main types of low and medium yielding fields, and the soils are characterized by high salt content and salinization. Due to the high nutrient content, rich soil organic matter and high potential fertility, they can become good fields through appropriate improvement measures. The management strategies of seashore saline soil utilization include isolating seawater from invading farmland again through engineering measures; improving drainage and irrigation conditions, applying rainwater dewatering and desalination technology, using artificial dewatering and desalination technology, planting combined wtih dewatering and desalination technology and other measures to drain and reduce salt. The sustainable utilization of seashore saline soil can be realized through soil improvement, scientific fertilization, root strengthening cultivation, selection of rice varieties resistant to salt or aquatic crop rotation and other technical measures. The seashore saline soil is an important reserve resource for the future development of arable land in Guangdong Province, and the full development and utilization of seashore saline soil is of great significance in increasing the sown area of grain, expanding arable land resources and ensuring food security . Based on the current situation of seashore saline soils in Guangdong, it is proposed to attach great imporntance to the special investigation of eashore saline soil resources, strengthen financial investment, promote scientific research, and establish long-term positioning observation stations for comprehensive management.