生物炭对酸性土壤改良的研究进展

土壤酸化是其退化的重要表现之一,且易引发诸多问题,如土壤板结、肥力下降、重金属迁移性增强、生物活性降低、作物产量与品质下降等。近年来,随着现代社会快速发展,高强度人类活动持续干扰,加之其他各种影响因素,土壤酸化趋势有所加剧,已严重影响土壤的生态环境质量,严重制约土壤生产力。生物炭具有pH值较高、孔隙结构发达、比表面积巨大、吸附性能极佳、内含元素丰富等特性,因此,在酸性土壤改良等方面备受国内外学者关注。综述了生物炭施用对酸性土壤理化性质、土壤微生物、土壤酶活性和作物产量及品质等方面的影响,并探讨可能存在的作用机制。最后,提出生物炭在酸性土壤改良方面尚未解决的问题并进行展望,以期为生物炭改良酸性土壤的理论研究及应用推广提供参考。

Research Progress of Biochar in Improving Soil Acidification

Soil acidification is one of the important manifestations of soil degradation, and it is easy to cause many problems, such as soil hardening, fertility decline, heavy metal mobility enhancement, biological activity reduction, crop yield and quality decline and so on. In recent years, with the rapid development of modern society, the continuous interference of high-intensity human activities and other factors, soil acidification has become more and more serious, which has seriously affected the quality of soil ecological environment and seriously restricted the soil productivity. Biochar has the characteristics of high pH value, developed pore structure, huge specific surface area, excellent adsorption performance and rich elements. Therefore, it has attracted the attention of domestic and foreign scholars in acid soil improvement. This paper reviews the effects of biochar application on the physical and chemical properties of acid soil, soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activities, crop yield and quality, and discusses the possible mechanism. Finally, the unsolved problems of biochar in acid soil improvement are put forward and prospected in order to provide references for the theoretical research and application of biochar in improving acid soil.